Organic chemical is short for organic chemical industry, also known as organic synthesis industry. Based on oil, natural gas, coal and other raw materials, mainly the production of various kinds of organic material industry.

Evolution of late nineteenth Century began production of industrial electric furnace method for carbide, with coal as raw material, the synthesis from acetylene basic organic products has created conditions. In Germany to around 1910, achieved by acetylene tetrachloroethane, trichloroethylene, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, such as industrial production, then to the front of the world war ii, the synthesized from acetylene other products have been put into production in Germany. Another main routes to coal as raw material, from synthesis gas or carbon monoxide synthetic organic products of methanol synthesis, 1923 success in Germany, began with the development history of synthesis gas as a raw material for the synthesis of industrial.

With the development of oil refining industry, the petroleum hydrocarbon raw material for the synthesis of organic products has been the subject of attention. On one hand, starting from the petroleum hydrocarbon, olefin, acetylene and converted to syngas process have to achieve industrial production; on the other hand, since 1920 by isopropanol propylene synthesis put into industrial production, in order to olefin as organic synthesis industry has got great development starting point. The above illustrates the basic organic chemicals from coal based raw materials to the petroleum hydrocarbons as raw material, and the synthesis of steering from acetylene as raw material in the synthesis of olefins as raw material. In general, petroleum chemical basic organic chemical large part or the major part is often called the petrochemical industry。

Basic organic chemical product variety, according to the materials used can be divided into the following categories: synthetic gas products, methane series products,

Vinyl products, acrylic products, C4 or more fatty hydrocarbon products, acetylene series products, aromatic products. From the above each kind of starting materials can be prepared a series of products.

Basic organic chemical industry has a great importance, it is the foundation of the development of various organic chemicals production, is the main component of modern industrial structure. Can be summarized as the following three main aspects:
The production of synthetic rubber, synthetic fiber, plastic and other polymer chemicals, namely monomer polymerization;
The other organic chemical industry, including fine chemical products raw materials;
By the properties of some products for direct consumption, for example, used as a solvent, refrigerant, antifreeze, heat carrier, gas absorbent, and directly for medical drugs, disinfectants.

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