In many areas of the national economy is always accompanied by a ” P ” figure – is to ensure that agricultural income of phosphate fertilizer ; livestock feed have a ” P ” , it will make livestock more robust revenue increases ; phosphorus in both food of nutrients, but also food quality improver ; organophosphorus pesticides is the patron saint of crops ; phosphorus-containing flame retardants are the bane of fire ; phosphorus ” bone cement” is a substitute for physical hardware ; phosphorus-containing drugs prevention and treatment of osteoporosis , anti-cancer health guardian ; phosphorus is the industry ‘s ” one size fits all ” for gasoline additives, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, radiation protection agents, gold extraction agent, lithium and electrolyte …… . This is ZHAO Yu-Fen Fellow in the ” phosphorus and Life ,” a book description of phosphorus.
Phosphorus fertilizer can not be separated . 2012 of phosphate fertilizer production is about 17 million t P2O5, the physical volume of 55 million t, the main varieties of diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, calcium phosphate , calcium magnesium phosphate , nitrate fertilizer . According to the Ministry of Agriculture , ” National Fertilizer Research data aggregation platform” statistics , in 2012 the amount of fertilizer for wheat , rice, corn three major food crops were 1.52 million tons , 1.32 million tons and 850,000 tons P2O5, P2O5 per ton increase three staple was 15.1 tons , 23.3 tons and 17.4 tons ( a substantial improvement over 2000-2008 statistics ) . 2012 production of 120.58 million tons three staples , 204.29 million tons and 208.12 million tons , due to application of fertilizer yield 22.94 million tons of wheat , rice yield 30.73 million tons , 14.72 million tons of corn yield , fertilizer on wheat yield contribution rate of 19% , the contribution rate for rice production by 15% , the contribution rate on corn yield of 7% ; vegetable production accounts for about 50 percent of global production , fruit production accounts for about 20 % of the world , in 2012 the amount of fertilizer for vegetables, fruits were 231 tons, 2.325 million tons . Fertilizer for vegetables, fruit yield and quality have made a great contribution.
Feed inseparable phosphorus. 12% of phosphorus animal bones , animal deficiency leads to slow down the growth rate , meat, eggs , milk production drops. Feed calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.5% to 1.5% of the total accounted for in compound feed , can meat , eggs, milk average yield of 15% to 20%. 2010 kind of feed phosphate production over 3 million t. If the amount of 1% by adding meter can be equipped with constraints 300 million t of feed . 2010 China’s meat production is about 80 million t, livestock production is about 28 million t, milk production is about 36 million t. By adding 15% of the total feed dicalcium increase in 2010 due to the addition of phosphorus , the contribution of meat production is about 12 million t, eggs 4.2 million t, milk and 5.4 million t.
Food is inseparable from phosphorus. Adults need at least phosphorus intake of 700mg ~ 800mg daily . Most people phosphorus required by the grains, fish, meat , dairy products obtained , about 1/ 4 obtained from phosphate food additives . If you get 0.2 g of phosphorus ( US- 0.32 grams ) per person per day from phosphate food additives , then the nation’s 1.36 billion people need 99,000 t of phosphorus per year ( 227,000 tP2O5) phosphate food additives. China has approved the use of 20 kinds of phosphorus-containing food additives , including sodium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium phosphate can be used for various types of food , trisodium phosphate , sodium hexametaphosphate , sodium pyrophosphate , sodium tripolyphosphate can be used for meat , two pyrophosphate disodium for bread, biscuits , they can improve food color, smell , taste, shape , maintaining the freshness and quality of food . The current food industry high-tech products are starch phosphate , which has natural degradation of environmental characteristics, annual sales of more than 100,000 t .
Pesticides can not do without phosphorus. According to statistics, the annual use of pesticides concerned to restore the loss of nearly 60 billion yuan . Organophosphorus pesticides in the world and occupies an important position in China’s pesticide industry , accounting for 70% of the organophosphate insecticide insecticide total ; organophosphate herbicide glyphosate not only remove the weeds , but also soil conditioner. At present , China’s glyphosate production in the world, the production capacity of 600,000 t, and most of the exports. 22 kinds of toxic phosphorus -based pesticides has been disabled , created a number of new varieties of high efficiency and low toxicity pesticides have independent intellectual property rights , such as the creation of a two- methylamine Nankai grass phosphorus , chlorine , Central China Normal University, acyl phosphine grass , Sichuan Chemical Institute of pesticides Xiaochongthion so on.
Medical inseparable phosphorus. Metabolites from organisms , microbial fermentation and found some marine organisms organophosphorus compounds having biological activity , which is an anti-cancer , anti- viral , cardiac, blood pressure, anti- osteoporosis action ; inorganic phosphorus containing material body parts are the most suitable alternative materials to hydroxyapatite as a representative of bioactive ceramics , phosphorus , ” cement ” , has good biocompatibility, it is implanted in the human body , its appearance can be grow blood vessels and nerves, is a substitute for the human skeleton .
Of osteoporosis has reached 100 million people each year treating elderly fracture $ 15 billion in medical expenses ; drugs abroad in the treatment of osteoporosis , bisphosphonate drugs accounted for 75% of the country is only about 25% ; phosphorus-containing anticancer drugs occupies an important position in , ifosfamide is less toxic for a wide range of anti-cancer drugs.
Materials inseparable phosphorus. Flame retardants : millions of farm fires occur each year . Traditional halogen ( chlorine, bromine compounds ) produced during combustion retardant materials more smoke and toxic hydrogen halide , will gradually be replaced by organophosphorus flame retardants ; metal phosphate treatment : an annual economic loss caused by metal corrosion around accounted for 2% ~ 4% GDP gross , but phosphating metal surface is a layer of metal to wear protective clothing ; cathode materials for lithium batteries : lithium iron phosphate , a long life, rechargeable more than 2000 times ; phosphide optoelectronic materials : halogenated phosphate, titanium phosphate, potassium , phosphorus heterocyclic organic photovoltaic materials phosphide pentadiene, phosphorus fluorene are new luminous materials ; polyphosphazene has good biocompatibility , biodegradability nature , can induce the formation of tissues and organs , cells and genes are active material of .(LuBon Industry Co.,Ltd. supply)