Physical and chemical properties
White crystal or crystalline powder, soluble in water, soluble in ethanol. M.p. 350 ℃. Highly toxic, orally one gram can be lethal, LD50 (rat oral) is 7mg/kg. In case of a reducing agent to precipitate elemental selenium.
2 Preparation and sources
(1) and by the selenite and sodium hydroxide salt in the system.
(2) reaction of selenium and selenium oxide, nitrate, and sodium selenite then generate action, dried, ground finished.
3 Uses
Do nutritional supplements. Test for alkaloids and red glass, glazes formulated.
Monthly Archives: July 2014
Sodium Saccharin harmful effects
Use role
Widely used in the following industries:
1, Food: general cold drinks, beverages, jellies, popsicles, pickles, preserves, pastries, fruits, protein and sugar. Used in the food industry and for sweetening diabetic diet, the widespread use of synthetic sweet ignorant agent. [3]
2, feed additives: pig feed, sweet, etc.
3, daily chemical industry: toothpaste, mouthwash, eye drops, etc.
4, electroplating industry: electroplating grade Sodium Saccharin is mainly used in nickel plating, is used as a brightener. Plus a small amount of sodium saccharin, the nickel plating can improve the brightness and softness. Average usage per liter of syrup with 0.1 – 0.3 g
Electroplating industry where a larger amount, total exports accounted for the majority of Chinese production.
Product hazards
Since 2005, saccharin in food applications significantly beyond the scope, excess phenomenon. Some manufacturers in order to reduce the cost of earning profits, in beverages, jellies and even preserved exclusively for consumption by children and other foods, the widespread use of harmful useless saccharin instead of sugar, but not on food labels to make any express or dubbed “protein sugar “,” sweet treasure “and reputation to cover up the fact that the use of saccharin, damage to the health of consumers, a serious violation of the consumer’s right to know, has attracted the close attention of the community and consumers.
Saccharin chemical name orthobenzoyl imide, market sales of goods of saccharin is actually soluble sodium o-benzoyl imide, referred to sodium saccharin. Sodium Saccharin is about 300 to 550 times the sweetness of sugar, so the solution one hundred thousandth of that sweet sense of bitterness will appear after high concentrations.
The main raw material for the manufacture of saccharin toluene, chlorine acid, o-toluidine, etc., are all petrochemical products. Toluene volatile and burning, and even cause an explosion, a high intake can cause acute poisoning the body, harmful to human health; chlorine acid decomposition of highly absorbent hydrogen chloride gas, harmful and explosive; saccharin production process intermediate substances on human health are also hazards. Saccharin in the production process but also serious environmental pollution. In addition, some small inflow of medium and small privately saccharin factory towns, rural markets saccharin, but also because the process is rough, the process is not complete and other reasons which contain heavy metals, ammonia compounds, arsenic and other debris. Their long-term retention in the body, accumulation, to varying degrees, affect human health.
As the consumption of saccharin detrimental to human health, so some western developed countries have strict controls on the use of saccharin and its control standards is generally not more than 5% of the total consumption of sugar, and is mainly used in toothpaste and other industrial uses. In China, compared with developed countries, the use of saccharin amount exceeds 14 times the normal usage. More experts warned that the second half of 1999, the National Sugar sweetener market share has up to 55% to 60% of the total market share, severe crowding share sucrose.
2 kg saccharine sweetness due to the equivalent of 1000 kg of sugar, according to market
Sodium Saccharin packaging
Sodium Saccharin packaging
Rigby calculated that 60 to 70 per saccharin, can replace sugar 3,000 yuan. As a result, some enterprises in order to chase profits in the production of beverages and processed foods during excessive, beyond the scope of the use of saccharin, but the food and beverage labels do not indicate containing saccharin and its real content, so consumers have the misconception that eating the sugar damages the health of consumers, but also a serious violation of the consumer’s right to know.
Especially in a small number of consumers do not know saccharin hazardous situation, a short time to eat a lot of saccharin, cause, etc., causing acute thrombocytopenia and bleeding, multiple organ damage, triggering a vicious poisoning.
On China’s vast market of small towns and rural areas, the use of saccharin has reached flood stage. According to the China Consumers’ Association survey recently on the domestic beverage nearly 100 different grades, types of shows that the whole country is concerned, there are about 61.2 percent of the drinks contain various types of sweeteners, refined sugary drinks which reached 55.1%; 23.5% of drinks but did not indicate the use of saccharin in the label in production; especially in small towns and rural markets, beverages containing up to 90.9% saccharin, saccharin rampant shocking.
In the primary school snacks, saccharin can not be ignored. In some primary and secondary schools around throughout a variety of small food stalls selling all kinds of snack foods and beverages, such as soft drinks, ice cream, plum and so on. These values are not high, small food and drinks, it is easy to attract schoolchildren to buy. However, neither of these production standards and did not identify and source products, basically contain saccharin, long-term consumption will lead young people to malnutrition, anorexia behavior of individuals, interferes with the normal dietary intake of adolescent nutrition, adolescent body negative impact on growth.
To this end, China Consumers Association issued a solemn warning: draw the relevant departments to formulate more stringent requirements saccharin use and further strengthen the management of food labeling; appeal to the majority of food manufacturers do not blind pursuit of profit because of one-sided use of saccharin, harm consumers health, and clearly indicate the state allows the use of products containing saccharin saccharin so that the consumer’s information; to safeguard the legitimate interests of consumers; remind consumers establish a good concept of consumption, eat more natural sugars in the purchase of food and when you drink, carefully read the product label, try to choose never sugary refined foods, buy reputable commodity; also reminded parents of the students to educate their children, and resolutely resist the campus around the “three noes” small food and beverages to conducive to the healthy growth of young people.
Sodium Citrate Role Purpose
Sodium citrate is an excellent chelating chemical / complexing agent, in the industrial applications are sodium citrate advantage of this feature.
Used in the food and beverage industry, flavors, stabilizers; as an anti-clotting agent, expectorant and diuretic drugs in the pharmaceutical industry; in the detergent industry, can replace sodium tripolyphosphate as a non-toxic detergent auxiliaries; also used in brewing, injection, photography drugs and electroplating.
Lemon juice contains large amounts of citric acid, citric acid and calcium binding is a soluble complex, calcium can ease the role to promote blood clotting, prevention and treatment of hypertension and myocardial infarction. So you can play anticoagulant effect.
Taking fresh blood in the clinical need to add some sterile sodium citrate or sodium oxalate, can play a role in preventing blood coagulation, the sodium citrate and sodium oxalate are referred to as anti-coagulant.
Store in a dark, sealed, dry and cool place.
sodium bicarbonate uses
Sodium bicarbonate can be directly used as raw materials in the pharmaceutical industry for the treatment of hyperacidity. Can be used for film production, tanning, dressing, smelting, metal heat treatment, as well as for fiber, rubber industries. Both as wool detergents, and for agricultural seed soaking. An application in the food industry’s most extensive leavening agent for the production of biscuits, cakes, bread, bread, soft drinks is carbon dioxide generating agent; alkaline compound with alum baking powder and soda can also be complex for civilian stone base; butter can also be used preservative. Fire extinguisher equipment for the production of acid and foam extinguishers. Rubber industry use it with alum, H sent from uniform pore-forming agent with the role of fat hole for the rubber, sponge production. Cast ingot metallurgy industry as a flux. Machinery industry as cast (foundry) sand forming additives. Dyeing and printing and dyeing industry as a fixing agent, pH buffer, fabric dyeing and rear treatment agent. Stained by adding baking soda to prevent the bobbin produce color flowers. The pharmaceutical industry as a raw material antacids. [4]
Reagents for the analysis, inorganic synthesis, pharmaceutical industry, food industry treat acidosis and fermentation agent, soda and cold carbon dioxide generating agent, butter preservative. Can be directly used as raw materials in the pharmaceutical industry for wool detergent, foam extinguishing agent, bath oil, alkaline agent, leavening agent. Often formulated with ammonium bicarbonate leavening agent used in cookies, cakes. Add the amount of wheat flour 20g/kg. Refreshing drinks can be formulated solid blowing agent and citric acid, tartaric acid, etc. (to produce CO ₂). Department harmless because weak alkaline agents, washing vegetables add about 0.1% to 0.2% to make green stable. When used alone, due to thermal decomposition strongly alkaline, when yellow will take for bread and wheat destroy vitamins, calcium hydrogen phosphate is best used in combination with other acidic substances. Blanching can still be used for food, go astringency. Because it enables the pH rises, it can improve the water holding capacity of proteins, promotes cell softening food organization that promotes astringent ingredient dissolution. There go full throttle on the role of goat (the amount of 10 ~ 20mg/kg). As acidity regulator and chemical leavening agents, can be used for all kinds of regulations need to add leavening agents food, according to production needs appropriate use
Potassium sorbate Use
Mainly used as a food preservative preservatives are acidic reaction with organic acids using antiseptic effect increased. Potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide and sorbic acid as raw materials. [2]
Sorbic acid (potassium) can effectively inhibit mold, yeast and the activity of aerobic bacteria, to achieve effectively extend the storage time of the food and keep the original flavor of the food.
Cosmetic preservatives. An organic acid preservatives. Average amount of 0.5%. May be mixed with sorbic acid. Although potassium sorbate soluble in water, easy to use, but its 1% solution ph value of 7 to 8, have to make cosmetics ph value increased tendency to be attention should be used. [3]
We buy the packaging (or canned) food, the ingredients often see one of the words “sorbic acid” or “potassium sorbate”, people often mistakenly thought to be components of the fruit, “pear” is. In fact, they are commonly used in food additives! Whether they have no harm to human body, plain consumption is indeed necessary, the following is the relevant information about the sorbic acid, potassium sorbate for reference only:
Sorbic acid (chemical name: 2,4 – sorbic acid Formula: C6H8O2]
Potassium sorbate (chemical name: 2,4 – potassium sorbate] Formula: C6H7KO2)
Sorbic acid, potassium sorbate properties, uses similar: Sorbic acid is recommended by the FAO and WHO efficient and safe preservative widely used in food, beverages, tobacco, pesticides, cosmetics and other industries, as the unsaturated acids, but also can be used in resins, spices and rubber industry.
Manganese Sulphate main purpose
Mineral industry for the production and preparation of various manganese and manganese salts. Coatings industry for the production of driers and linoleic acid and manganese, metal products phosphating agent. Cable is an important trace element fertilizers in agriculture, but also plant chlorophyll synthesis catalyst. Impose an appropriate amount of manganese sulfate solution, can grow well in a variety of crops, increase production. [6]
Expected effects of manganese sulfate dressing: dressing with manganese sulfate solution can increase grain weight, yield 10% to 15%.
Dressing method: before planting the first 0.2 kg manganese sulfate dissolved in 0.9 kg of water, and then mixed with 50 kg of wheat seed.
Important micronutrient fertilizer, can be used as base fertilizer, seed soaking, seed dressing, dressing and foliar spraying, can promote the growth of crops to increase production. In animal husbandry and feed industry, as feed additives, can make the animal well-developed, and fattening effect. Also processing paint, ink driers; raw tea manganese solution; used as a catalyst for synthesis of fatty acids; addition, also used in paper, ceramics, printing and dyeing, ore flotation; manganese production of raw materials and the manufacture of other raw manganese salt . Also used in batteries, smelting catalyst, analytical reagents, mordant, additives, pharmaceutical excipients.
Mainly in the pituitary, pancreas, liver and bone mitochondria as an integral part of many enzymes. Manganese involved in hematopoiesis in vivo, to promote the oxidation of fat cells, prevents atherosclerosis. Manganese deficiency can cause growth retardation, osteoporosis and exercise disorders.
Is one of the important micronutrient fertilizer, can be used as base fertilizer, seed soaking, seed dressing, dressing and foliar spraying, can promote the growth of crops to increase production. In animal husbandry and feed industry, as feed additives, can make the animal well-developed, and fattening effect. Also processing paint, ink driers; raw tea manganese solution; used as a catalyst for synthesis of fatty acids; addition, also used in paper, ceramics, printing and dyeing, ore flotation; manganese production of raw materials and the manufacture of other raw manganese salt . Also used in batteries, smelting catalyst, analytical reagents, mordant, additives, pharmaceutical excipients.
fructose Use Features
Fructose as a sweetener in foods is primarily used.
Currently sweetener widely used in the world there are more than 20 species, can be divided into the following categories:
A) monosaccharides, disaccharides, sucrose, glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, xylose and other natural sugars.
2) oligosaccharides, mainly Isomaltooligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharides, galactose, lactulose, XOS, lactulose, raffinose, stachyose.
3) sugar alcohols include sorbitol, maltitol, mannitol, lactitol, erythritol, and xylitol.
4) chemical synthesis sweeteners, saccharin, cyclamate, aspartame, sucralose and the like.
These types of products has its own characteristics and advantages, there are also significant deficiencies. These shortcomings have limited their use. These disadvantages are:
A) monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, sugar alcohols low sweetness, to use a large amount equivalent sweetness.
2) high synthetic sweetener sweetness, but many products have a bitter taste and a metallic taste, taste impure, etc., need to add sweetness inhibitors and fillers.
3) biological stability oligosaccharides, sugar alcohols is poor. Synthetic sweeteners generally better stability, but there are no satisfactory place. If aspartame is not high temperature and acidic conditions, can not be used for a long time heating baked goods, many sweeteners can not be used for acidic foods.
4) Food hygroscopic sugar alcohols large, low viscosity, the impact of food processing, can not be used on dry solid foods.
5) difficult to absorb sugar alcohols, excessive intake can cause diarrhea or gastrointestinal discomfort, such as bloating, pain, belching, etc.
6) synthetic sweetener product safety remains in doubt.
7) oligosaccharide, sucralose, sugar alcohols, higher prices for some products.
In contrast, fructose combines the advantages of several types of sweeteners, is a good general-purpose sweetener.
1) high sweetness, with less, without adding special additives (synthetic sweeteners advantage)
2) its metabolic pathways and insulin-independent, human intake will not cause fluctuations in blood sugar and insulin levels advantage (sugar alcohols, chemical sweetener category)
3) fast metabolism in the liver, has a protective effect on the liver glycogen synthesis rapidly, can improve liver function, protect the liver (the advantages of oligosaccharides)
4) easy to tooth decay (the advantages of sugar alcohols occur)
5) natural sugars, green and safe (sugars, sugar alcohols, oligosaccharides advantages)
6) flavor taste good (some sugar alcohols, oligosaccharides advantages)
Fructose sweetness also has good synergy, can be mixed with other sweeteners. This synergistic mechanism mixed with other high-fructose sweetener sweetness of sugar in the chemical synthesis becomes more prominent. On the one hand can greatly enhance the sweetness sweeteners, on the other hand can reduce or eliminate sodium saccharin or aspartame and other undesirable bitter taste after taste
Ethoxyquin Msds
1, Ethoxyquin Ethoxyquin
Alias tiger spirit, antioxidant quinoline
Coding GB 17.010; INS 324
Light yellow to amber viscous liquid, long-term placement in light and air gradually becomes dark brown liquid, but does not affect its antioxidant effect, the boiling point of 134 ~ 136 ℃ (13.33Pa), the refractive index of 1.569 ~ 1.672, the relative density 1.029 ~ 1.031, insoluble in water, miscible with ethanol arbitrary.
Method of on – phenetidine iodine and acetone in the reaction catalyzed by ring closure system.
Identification of the product was dissolved in 10mL 1mg acetonitrile, which was strong fluorescence under short-wave UV light.
Toxicology
1. Mouse oral LD50 1680 ~ 18080mg/kg weight.
1470mg oral rat; kg body weight.
2. GRAS FDA-21CFR 172.140.
The use of preservatives, fruit preservative.
2 Precautions
(1) This product is mainly used for apples, pears Storage tiger prevention of disease. This product can be made of latex dipped fruit, liquid concentration 2 ~ 4g/kg, this product can also be applied to the wrapping paper made from fruit bag, add a plastic film bags made of fruit, or fruit boxes such as binding by its nature and fumigation work.
With effect (2) This product is also available with other preservatives.
2. Scope and usage
(1) China’s “food additives health standards” (GB 2760-1996) states: Fresh apple production may need to use the right amount of residual amount of 1mg/kg.
(2) Other countries: as antioxidants food, beverage, oil and pharmaceuticals, such as vitamin A, or be used in carotene allows stable performance. Applications can be maintained in food freshness and nutritional value of food, oil can not rancidity deterioration, preservation and storage of feed has a significant advantage, as the red hot pink color protection is also effective antioxidant amount of 0.1g / kg.
Ferrous sulphate (Ferrous sulfate) MSDS
Role and purpose
The system for iron, iron oxide pigments, mordant, water purifying agent, preservatives, disinfectants, etc.;
Medicine for anti-anemia drugs, blood agents and local convergence agent for chronic blood loss caused by uterine fibroids;
Analytical reagents and manufacturing ferrite materials;
Flocculation of ferrous sulfate can be used for water purification, and removal of phosphate from municipal and industrial wastewater to prevent eutrophication of water bodies;
A lot of ferrous sulfate is used as a reductant, mainly the reduction of chromate in cement;
As a feed additive iron supplements;
Can be used as agricultural pesticides, can prevent wheat smut, apples and pears scar scab, fruit rot; edible used as nutritional supplements, such as iron supplements, fruit and vegetable coloring agent.
Also be used as fertilizer, iron supplements as plants, control plants should occur physiological deficiency diseases, the plant leaf chlorosis. Can remove moss and lichens trunk. Manufacturing of magnetic iron oxide, iron oxide red and iron blue inorganic pigments, iron catalysts and materials poly ferric sulfate.
Oh used range from 5.5 to 9.6, the temperature has little effect on its flocculation. Applicable to large concentrations, strong alkaline water. Flocculation stability, rate of formation of floc fast, good flocculation. But more corrosive. Not only do flocculants, and widely used in industrial and agricultural production. It is a micronutrient fertilizer, has accelerated rice, sugar beet turn green, and in alkaline soil, and promote farm manure composting to improve the growing conditions of plants and so on. [1]
In addition, other reagents used for chromatographic analysis.
1, water treatment
Flocculation of ferrous sulfate for water purification, and removal of phosphate from municipal and industrial wastewater to prevent eutrophication of water bodies.
2, reducing
A lot of ferrous sulfate is used as a reductant, mainly the reduction of chromate in cement.
3, medicinal
Ferrous sulfate for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia; are also used in food with iron, long-term excessive use may cause abdominal pain, nausea and other side effects.
4, a coloring agent
a, iron gall ink and other inks used in the production of ferrous sulfate needs. Mordant dye wood also contain ferrous sulphate.
b, ferrous sulfate can be used to concrete stained yellow rust.
c, wood stained with ferrous sulfate to make maple silver color.
5 Agriculture
Adjust the soil pH, prompting the formation of chlorophyll (also known as iron fertilizer), can prevent iron deficiency caused by flowers and yellowing disease. Hi acidic cycads flowers, especially indispensable element.
Can be used as agricultural pesticides, can prevent wheat smut, apples and pears scar scab, fruit rot; also be used as fertilizer, can remove moss and lichens trunk. Manufacturing of magnetic iron oxide, iron oxide red and iron blue inorganic pigments, iron catalysts and materials poly ferric sulfate. Used as a topical astringent agents and blood tonic medicine. In addition, other reagents used for chromatographic analysis. Edible used as nutritional supplements, such as iron supplements, fruit and vegetable coloring agent. Feed-grade ferrous sulfate in feed processing as iron supplements
Usage:
①, 10 克 watered 4 to 5 pounds, foliar spray.
②, the normal growing season, 1 to 2 times per month.
③, disease prevention period, 10 to 15 days, for 2 to 3 times.
Dosage: 10 grams watered 7-9 pounds, watering basin, about 20 days.
Disease prevention and principles: Indications yellow disease, mainly in young leaves, before the beginning of mesophyll yellowing leaves on both sides after the central focus or brown spots appear tip; long time, leaves fall off.
6, other
a, horticulture using ferrous sulphate to kill moss.
b, after the 19th century, ferrous sulfate was used as a photographic developer Corot tincture law.
c, of brass contact with ferrous sulfate turbine condenser, a corrosion protective layer is generated on the inner surface of the tube.
DL-Malic acid Inspection
Specific rotation of this product, accurately weighed, dissolved in water and diluted per 1ml solution containing 0.2g of determination (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition of Appendix VIE) according to the law, the specific rotation of -0.10 ° ~ +0.10 ° .
Related substances as high performance liquid chromatography (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition two Appendix VD).
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test with a sulfonic acid cation exchange resin as a filler, 0.005mol / L sulfuric acid solution as the mobile phase; detection wavelength of 210nm; column temperature was 37 ℃; take fumaric acid, maleic acid, DL – malic acid reference standard amount, plus the mobile phase and dilute 1ml each containing about fumarate 10μg, maleic acid 4μg, DL-malic acid solution 1mg as a system suitability solution, the precise amount of 20μl, injection liquid chromatograph, number of theoretical plates DL-malic acid peak of not less than 2000, the separation of fumaric acid and maleic acid, and DL-malic acid peaks should be required.
Determination to take this amount of goods, accurately weighed, add the mobile phase and diluted per 1ml solution containing about 1mg, as the test solution; Another reference amount of fumaric acid and maleic acid, accurately weighed with the mobile phase and dilute 1ml each containing fumaric 5μg, 2μg maleic acid solution as the reference solution. The precise amount of the two solutions of 20μl into the liquid chromatograph, record the chromatogram peak retention times to 4.5 times. For the test solution chromatogram if consistent time and fumaric acid and maleic acid peak retention peaks, the external standard method with peak area calculation, and its content should not exceed 1.0%, respectively, and 0.05%. Other single impurity peak area not more than the reference solution of maleic acid peak area of 0.5 times (0.1%); other impurities should not exceed the total amount of the reference solution of maleic acid peak area of 2.5 times (0.5%).
Clarity and color of solution of this product 5.0g, add water 25ml, fully shake to dissolve, the solution should be clear and colorless (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition two Appendix IX AB).
Water to remove the goods, according to determination of moisture content (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition two Appendix Ⅷ M), water containing not more than 2.0%.
Insoluble in water after taking this product 25.0g, add water 100ml dissolve, with constant weight at 100 ℃ 4 vertical melting crucible filtration, repeatedly washed with hot water filter at 100 ℃ drying to constant weight, no residue left over 0.1 %.
Easy oxides of this product 0.10g, set 100ml evaporating dish, add 25ml water and sulfuric acid solution (1 → 20) 25ml and shake to dissolve, set 20 ± 1 ℃ water bath cooling, 0.02mol / L potassium permanganate titration solution 5ml, color of the solution should not disappear within three minutes.
Chloride take this product 1.0g, according to inspection (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition of Appendix Ⅷ A), compared with standard control solution made of sodium chloride solution 5.0ml, not thicker (0.005%).
Sulfate take this product 1.0g, according to inspection (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition Appendix Ⅷ B), potassium sulfate solution 3.0ml comparison with the standard control solution made no thicker (0.03%).
Arsenic take this product 1.0 g, hydrochloric acid and water, 5ml 23ml, checking (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition Appendix Ⅷ J First Act) law, shall comply with the provisions of (0.0002%).
Residue on ignition not more than 0.1% (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition two Appendix Ⅷ N).
Heavy metals in this product 1.0g, sodium hydroxide solution 5ml and 20ml water to dissolve, according to inspection (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition two Appendix Ⅷ H Third Law), containing heavy metals must not exceed twenty millionths.
【Assay To about 1.0g, accurately weighed, set 250ml volumetric flask, dissolved in water and diluted to the mark, shake, the precise amount of 25ml, conical flask, add 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution, with sodium hydroxide (0.1mol / L) titrated to fade microscopic red and hold for 30 seconds. Each 1ml of sodium hydroxide (0.1mol / L) is equivalent to 6.704mg of C4H6O5.
[Category] pharmaceutical excipients, acidifiers, antioxidants.
[Storage] shading, sealed and stored.