1 , pivaloyl chloride
Chinese alias : 2,2 – dimethyl- propionyl chloride ; trimethylammonium chloride ; tert -amyl chloride ; trimethyl acetyl chloride
Name : Pivaloyl chloride
English Name : 2,2-Dimethylpropanoyl chloride; Trimethylacetyl chloride
CAS No. : 3282-30-2
Formula : C5H9ClO
Linear Formula : (CH3) 3CCOCl
Molecular Weight : 120.58
Purity : ≥ 98.0%
No. MDL: MFCD00000709
Beilstein No. : 385668
EC Number: 221-921-6
2 Characters
Colorless oily liquid , soluble in common organic solvents , water and alkali decomposition, flammable
3, the physical parameters
Density : 0.979g/mL (25 ℃)
Boiling point :105-106 ℃
Flash point : 19 ℃
Refractive index (n20 / D): 1.412 (lit.)
4 , hazard statements
Dangerous code : F, T +
Hazard Class :11 -14-22-26-34
Security Level :16-26- 36 / 37/39-45
UN number : UN2438
Domestic hazardous chemicals No. : 81117
5 , the safety data
Hazard Symbols F; T Description
Risk Codes R11; R22; R23; R34 Description
Safety Description S16; S26; S28A; S36/37/39; S38; S45 Description
Transport Information UN 2438
6 Use (Useage)
Pivaloyl chloride is a very important acylating agent , mainly used as pharmaceutical intermediates, as the main raw material for the preparation of amides and many drugs in lipid phenol ; currently used hydroxylamine hydroxylamine benzyl benzyl penicillin and cephalosporins , cefazolin production oxazoline , double pivaloyl adrenaline and other drugs . It is also a lot to do with the production of pesticide intermediates , such Chloropivaloyl chloride.
Chemical synthesis for the protection of the amino group , while increasing the steric effect , the location of a particular product is easily obtained .
Monthly Archives: May 2014
Chemical and physical properties of formic acid
Flammable. With water , ethanol , ether and glycerol arbitrary miscible with most polar organic solvents , in hydrocarbons also have some solubility.
Relative density (d204) 1.220. Refractive index
1.3714 . Heat of combustion 254.4 kJ / mol, the critical temperature 306.8 ℃, critical pressure 8.63 MPa. Flash point of 68.9 ℃ ( open cup ) . Density of 1.22 , 1.59 Relative vapor density (air = 1 ) , the saturated vapor pressure (24 ℃) 5.33 kPa.
High concentrations of formic acid in the winter easy to freeze.
Incompatibility: Strong oxidizers , strong alkalis, reactive metal powders.
Hazardous characteristics: its vapor and air can form explosive mixtures case of fire , high- heat combustion caused the explosion. May react with strong oxidizing agents .
Solubility: miscible with water insoluble hydrocarbons , soluble in alcohol.
And the gas in hydrocarbons , the carboxylic acid to form a dimer through hydrogen bonding occurs . In gaseous hydrogen bonds lead to the existence of a large deviation between the acid gas and the ideal gas equation of state . Formic acid by the liquid and solid continuous acid through hydrogen bonding molecules .
Catalytic decomposition of formic acid in concentrated sulfuric acid to CO and H2O:
Due to the special structure of formic acid , one of its hydrogen atoms and carboxyl groups directly connected. Is a hydroxyl group can also be seen as formaldehyde. Therefore, formic acid and formaldehyde , and both properties.
Unlike most other carboxylic acid having the same properties , although not usually an acid chloride or acid anhydride. Acid dehydration decomposition of carbon monoxide and water. Carboxylic acid having reducing aldehydes like . It can play silver mirror reaction, the reduction of silver ions in the ammonia complex silver ions to metallic silver , while he is oxidized into carbon dioxide and water :
Formic acid is the only olefin addition reaction and a carboxylic acid . Carboxylic acid under the action of an acid ( such as sulfuric acid , hydrofluoric acid ) , and the rapid reaction of the olefin ester . However, a side reaction similar to the Koch reaction can also occur , is a more advanced product of a carboxylic acid .
Octanol / water partition coefficient : -0.54 , explosive limit % (V / V): 57.0, lower explosive limit % (V / V): 18.0.
Formic acid is a strong reducing agent , the silver mirror reaction can occur . Saturated fatty acids in the most acidic dissociation constant of 2.1 × 10-4. At room temperature slowly decomposed into carbon monoxide and water. And concentrated sulfuric acid heated to 60 ~ 80 ℃, decompose to release carbon monoxide . Formic acid is heated to above 160 ℃ decomposition that emit carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Alkali metal salts of formic acid was heated to 400 ℃ generated oxalate .
Molecular structure data
1 , the molar refractive index: 8.40
2 , molar volume (m / mol): 39.8
3 , parachor (90.2K): 97.5
4, the surface tension (dyne / cm): 35.8
5 , the polarization ratio (10cm): 3.33
Chlorella Vulgaris Introduction
The Chlorella Vulgaris cells are rich in chlorophyll, are single-celled algae , are eukaryotes.
Photosynthesis is very strong, is several times the other plants. It is rich in protein , vitamins , minerals, dietary fiber , nucleic acids and chlorophyll , is to maintain and promote the health of the essential nutrients , especially glycoproteins contain bioactive substances compelling , polysaccharides and up to 13% nucleic acids and other substances. With enhanced immune to prevent virus proliferation, inhibit cancer cell proliferation , inhibit blood sugar rises , lower serum cholesterol levels, eliminate toxins, rapidly repair damage and other functions of the body. Chlorella Vulgaris is rich in CGF ( Chlorella Vulgaris Growth Factor ) , can quickly restore the damage caused by the body , and as a food flavor improver, widely used in food and fermentation fields. Chlorella Vulgaris is a cell spherical or oval, green , single-celled algae, produced in fresh water or salt water. Freshwater species often grown in more fertile waters , sometimes in the wet soil , rocks, tree trunks can also be found . Under natural conditions, individual water much, but in artificial culture conditions can be a lot of growth and reproduction, high yield, protein content of about 50% of the dry weight , is also rich in other ingredients.
Chlorella Vulgaris algae was first developed protein , in the early 1960s , Japan began to industrial production . Chlorella Vulgaris China Chlorella Vulgaris documented oval , chlorella and pyrenoidosa three kinds , they can be cultured . Similar spirulina , chlorella is not only high in protein , amino acid composition and reasonable , it also contains a lot of rich biological active substances, for many diseases with adjuvant therapy.
Chlorella strong effect on the body several times stronger than spirulina . Chlorella on the heart, liver, kidney lung, stomach , skin, fever and other diseases have a good effect, ate at least a month . Chlorella ability of anti -virus is extremely powerful, but also a strong ability to detoxify drugs .
Chlorella Vulgaris is a world -recognized health food industry, the world’s largest production of microalgae species in Japan, health care products sales in the first ten years in a row , the world’s annual output of 2,000 tons, a major producer of Southeast Asia.
The main purpose of manganese sulfate
Mineral industry for the production and preparation of various manganese and manganese salts. Coatings industry for the production of driers and linoleic acid and manganese , metal products phosphating agent . Cable is an important trace element fertilizers in agriculture , but also plant chlorophyll synthesis catalyst . Impose an appropriate amount of manganese sulfate solution , can grow well in a variety of crops , increase production.
Expected effects of manganese sulfate dressing : dressing with manganese sulfate solution can increase grain weight , yield 10% to 15 %.
Dressing method : before planting the first 0.2 kg manganese sulfate dissolved in 0.9 kg of water , and then mixed with 50 kg of wheat seed .
Important micronutrient fertilizer, can be used as base fertilizer , seed soaking , seed dressing , dressing and foliar spraying , can promote the growth of crops to increase production. In animal husbandry and feed industry, as feed additives, can make the animal well-developed , and fattening effect. Also processing paint , ink driers ; raw tea manganese solution ; used as a catalyst for synthesis of fatty acids ; addition, also used in paper , ceramics, printing and dyeing , ore flotation ; manganese production of raw materials and the manufacture of other raw manganese salt . Also used in batteries, smelting catalyst , analytical reagents , mordant , additives , pharmaceutical excipients .
Mainly in the pituitary , pancreas, liver and bone mitochondria as an integral part of many enzymes . Manganese involved in hematopoiesis in vivo , to promote the oxidation of fat cells , prevents atherosclerosis . Manganese deficiency can cause growth retardation , osteoporosis and exercise disorders.
Is one of the important micronutrient fertilizer, can be used as base fertilizer , seed soaking , seed dressing , dressing and foliar spraying , can promote the growth of crops to increase production. In animal husbandry and feed industry, as feed additives, can make the animal well-developed , and fattening effect. Also processing paint , ink driers ; raw tea manganese solution ; used as a catalyst for synthesis of fatty acids ; addition, also used in paper , ceramics, printing and dyeing , ore flotation ; manganese production of raw materials and the manufacture of other raw manganese salt . Also used in batteries, smelting catalyst , analytical reagents , mordant , additives , pharmaceutical excipients
Alkyl Polyglucoside Basic Information
Alkyl Polyglucoside, referred to APG, from renewable natural resources, synthetic fatty alcohols and glucose, a new overall performance than the nonionic surfactant, both ordinary non-ionic surfactants and anionic properties, with high surface activity , good safety and ecological compatibility, is an internationally recognized choice for “green” functional surfactant.
Alkyl Polyglucoside low surface tension, no cloud point, HLB value is adjustable, moist and strong, strong detergency, foam rich and delicate, compatibility strong, non-toxic, harmless, non-irritating to the skin, biodegradable quickly and thoroughly, can be used with any type of surfactant complex, synergistic effects are obvious. Has a strong broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, product thickening effect is remarkable, easy-to-diluted, non-gel phenomenon, easy to use. And alkali resistant, resistant to acid, resistance to hard water, salt and strong. Can be used as shampoo, the main raw material shower gel, facial cleanser, laundry detergent, hand soap, dishwashing liquid, fruits and vegetables daily chemical cleaning agents. Also used in soap powder, phosphate-free detergents, phosphate-free detergents and other synthetic detergents. Can be used as food, pesticides, silicone emulsion dispersant; pesticides, herbicides synergist; plastic sheeting fogging agents, plastic additives; may also be used in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, industrial cleaning, fire fighting agents, textile , paints, photographic materials, leather, oil, mineral, rubber, energy and other areas.
Alkyl Polyglucoside product safety (non-toxic byproducts dioxane), mild and antibacterial advantage, adapt to the future direction of personal care products, will replace the existing petroleum-based surfactants mainstream surfactant.
Alkyl Polyglucoside can be used for preparing the solid dispersions, plastics additives. Although the Alkyl Polyglucoside compounds are stable, but with the remaining three hydroxyl groups on the sugar further synthesis of various esters and other derivatives (such as an ether). Alkyl Polyglucoside connected as carboxylic acids may be prepared, or other various anionic APG esters such as sulfo succinate, citrate, tartrate, maleate, sulfate, phosphate and the like. The first three esters commercially available abroad, they have good foaming properties, compatibility, gentle on the skin, does not irritate the eyes, and does not contain dioxane, ethylene oxide and nitrosamines, etc., so it is applicable in cosmetics and personal protective equipment. Furthermore, Alkyl Polyglucoside also be synthesized alkoxylate quaternary ammonium salt cation and SAA,
The main purpose of aluminum sulfate
Gelatine as an effective crosslinking agent, and can increase the viscosity of gelatine. Urea-formaldehyde adhesive is also used as a curing agent, 20% aqueous solution of the curing speed.
Raw materials in the paper industry as rosin, wax emulsion compound precipitation agent, as flocculants in water treatment, can be made to stay within the Antifoaming agent manufactured alum, aluminum white, oil bleaching, deodorizing agents, certain drugs of raw materials. Also the manufacture of artificial gems and senior ammonium alum. Arsenic content of not more than 5mg/kg products can be used in water treatment flocculant. [9]
1 paper industry as a paper sizing agent to enhance the paper’s water resistant, impervious performance;
(2) dissolved in water to make water and natural rubber fine particles agglomerate into large floc, thus removing from the water, it is used as coagulant for water and wastewater;
3 Turbidity as scavenger agent is also used as precipitation, fixing agents, fillers, and the like. Used in cosmetics antiperspirant cosmetic ingredients (astringent);
4 fire protection industry, and baking soda, foaming composition foam fire extinguishing agent;
5 analytical reagents, mordant, tanning agents, oil bleaching agents, wood preservatives;
6 pasteurized albumin stabilizer (including liquid or frozen whole egg or egg yolk protein);
7 can be used as raw material for the manufacture of artificial gems and senior ammonium alum, other aluminate;
8 fuel industry, in the production of chrome yellow dye and precipitant lake while underway solid color and filler effect.
Effect of leaching on the secondary aluminum sulfate improved Sodic Soil: This study Songnen Plain region before Guo severe saline soil for the study, in the form of laboratory simulation analysis, improved after adding aluminum sulfate, and then rinsed the results were analyzed. Add aluminum sulfate were selected concentrations of 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.2% was measured, which was studied in seven cases were rinsed once, twice, three times, soil the ion concentration in the solution and the major trend, and the physical properties of the seven concentrations were measured after the addition. Integrated the test results, the following conclusions.
Rinse effectively improve the salinization of the soil. In certain amount of aluminum sulfate, the increase in the number of rinsing with a concentration of sulfate ions and anions such as chloride ion decreased significantly. Carbonate and bicarbonate have decreased significantly, but the impact of carbon dioxide in the air by the rate of decline is not fast sulfate and chloride ions, but also significantly improves the ion results of the soil, the soil is more suitable for crop growth.
Leaching significantly improve soil chemical composition role, but added to the leaching of aluminum sulfate as there are a lot of time, while in shock and so on, for the first time put into hydrocolloids aluminum sulfate, aluminum sulfate partially formed have been destroyed affected the improvement effect of aluminum sulfate to the soil. Meanwhile, rinse the shock process also destroys any original soil aggregates and micro-aggregates, rinsed several times so that the physical properties of the soil does not improve, or even have a negative effect in terms of pH value of the soil solution.
When no leaching the soil, add aluminum sulfate to effectively improve soil properties, especially for reducing soil alkalization degree, the effect is obvious. Soil pH, soil bulk density, soil particle size and other aspects of the role of soil have been improved, and the effect is obvious. Calcium and magnesium ions with the addition of aluminum sulfate was released from a certain extent, also played a role in reducing the degree of soil salinization. However, the use of aluminum sulfate improvements alone, and can not fully solve the problem of soil Songnen Plain. Increase the salt content of the soil material when there is higher due to soil salinization degree, aluminum sulfate did not improve soil salinization of the problem, and even add aluminum sulfate. Therefore, only the aluminum sulfate soil type conversion from soda type of sulfuric acid type, the problem is alleviated, but not completely resolved.
Integrated aluminum sulfate and leaching the pros and cons of these two methods improved, improved ways of combining the two, you can get both the basicity improve soil problems, but also can improve the problem of salinization of the soil, the better the improvement of soil conditions. When adding aluminum sulfate to 0.8%, leaching the soil twice, the researchers noted that the best results can be achieved.
sodium percarbonate MSDS
1 name: sodium peroxide
Commonly known as: sodium percarbonate, carbon , oxygen solid .
MF : 2Na2CO3 · 3H2O2
Molecular weight: 314.02 ( according to 1991 international relative atomic mass )
Appearance: white crystal or crystalline powder. Soluble in water , the rapid release of oxygen , alkaline aqueous solution . Under exposed to heat or air humidity and the presence of impurities , easy to break lose oxygen.
Standard : HG-T2764-1996 sodium peroxide
Appearance: white crystal or crystalline powder
Uses:
Medicine can kill the hepatitis B virus , E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and other white
Washing aspects fabric bleach , strong detergency, colorful , feel good
Preservation aspects of meat, fruit
Aquaculture and other oxygenates
Household cleaning agents tableware, tea cleaning , oil cleaning, carpet cleaning kitchen floor
Widely used in electroplating, wood preservation, water treatment , etc.
Technical indicators:
Index Name First grade Qualified
Active oxygen [O] content (%) ≥ 13 10.5
Iron content (PPm) ≤ 20 50
( 3% solution ) PH value 10-1110-11
Bulk density (g / mL) 0.040-0.95 0.040-0.95
Moisture (%) ≤ 2 2
Note:
Active oxygen content of sodium peroxide factory is guaranteed , subject to compliance with performance standards in storage and transport , within six months of active oxygen content of not more than 10% lower .
Packing:
A kind of plastic film lined woven bag , net weight 25Kg. Another double corrugated boxes and plastic bags , which the packaging with polyethylene plastic film bag , net weight , respectively 1Kg and good 0.5Kg, packaging with corrugated boxes , each box weighing 25Kg respectively and 20Kg.
Storage and transport :
During storage and transportation , and other merchandise mix is prohibited to keep the packaging intact . Sodium peroxide should . Store in a dry, ventilated warehouse.
Note:
FDA wipe the apparatus , the need to use clean dry cloth ( or rinse with water ) .
This product is suitable for washing , wiping wool clothing.
This product is placed in the bag after the demolition of a dry, ventilated place.
Storing when the ambient temperature is not higher than 40 ℃.
2 Applications
Sodium carbonate can be used for the production of H2O2, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) Common name of hydrogen peroxide ,
The following is a colorless liquid at room temperature , it is difficult to ionize decomposition. As a classical chemical products, industrial than 100 years ago began production . With the growth of social needs , particularly the need for ecological and environmental protection , hydrogen peroxide recent years by people of all ages , and is known as the ” green oxidant .” In order to store , transport, easy to use, industrial use alcohol to precipitate a solid which was converted to the sodium percarbonate crystals ( chemical formula : 2Na2CO3 · 3H2O2), the crystal has the duality of Na2CO3 and H2O2 . Generating an alcohol precipitation process is as follows : when 0 ~ 5 ℃, to a saturated solution of Na2CO3 , and a stabilizer added first H2O2 (MgCl2 and Na2SiO3), the reaction sufficiently , and then isopropanol was added , filtered liquid separation , i.e., too carbonate crystals. After treatment available oxygen capsules , tablets that solid oxygen , oxygen in ponds for stereo , water purification . Multifunctional detergent , ie washing decontamination , while both bleaching, sterilization , disinfection and other effects, has become the development trend of detergent , plus there are a lot of foreign detergent component bleaching effect , the country will also gradually to develop in this area . Since percarbonate tasteless , non-toxic, easy to dissolve in cold water , strong detergency, when dissolved in water can release oxygen bleach sterilization and play a variety of effects, in line with the development trend of modern detergents . More than traditional powdered detergent used sodium borate , sodium borate, but the presence of dissolved slow, expensive and boron impact on crops and other shortcomings . And sodium carbonate , sodium perborate lower than the cost , good solubility , suitable for use in cold areas and winter , crops will not cause harm , and therefore the production of sodium carbonate in detergent applications increasing, at present, has been widely percarbonate used for household and industrial washing , bleaching , bactericides, for synthetic fibers, animal fibers , synthetic resin fibers , pulp production areas such as fat , good bleaching effect , no damage to the fabric , non-yellowing .
3 reaction equation
2Na2CO3 · 3H2O2 = 2Na2CO3 +3 H2O2
Na2CO4 + H2O = Na2CO3 + H2O2
2H2O2 = 2H2O + O2 ↑
After water was added sodium carbonate peroxide , rapidly produce hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide is unstable , produce oxygen and water. The final reaction of sodium carbonate , dry white powder or as granules, odorless , is an alkaline salt thereof. Commonly known as soda , eating the human body without harm, does not produce lead, arsenic and other heavy metals.
Clotrimazole MSDS
Basic Information
Chinese Name
Clotrimazole
Chinese alias
Antifungal the 1st ; triphenyl imidazole chloroformate ; chlorobenzene imidazole ; kill ringworm net ; 1 – ((2 – chlorophenyl ) diphenylmethyl )-1H- imidazol-
Name
clotrimazole crystalline
English Name
Clotrimazole ZnSO4 complex; 1 [(2-chlorophenyl) diphenylmethyl]-1H-imidazole; Clotrimazole
2CAS :23593-75-1
EINECS :245-764-8 Formula : C22H17ClN2 MW: 344.8368
3 physical and chemical properties
Appearance: white powder or colorless crystalline powder. Melting point 147-149 ℃. Relative density : 1.13g/cm3. Solubility : Soluble in ethanol , acetone , chloroform, insoluble in water . Odorless, tasteless , rapid decomposition in acid solution .
Clotrimazole hydrochloride, m.p. 159 ℃.
4 Use
Anti- fungal drugs [ 1 ] , for the treatment of skin and deep fungal infections
Raw materials
Benzene , acetone , toluene , o- chlorobenzoyl chloride , o- chloro- benzotrichloride , thionyl chloride, imidazole, aluminum trichloride, petroleum ether
Clotrimazole
A broad-spectrum anti-fungal effect . Some superficial and deep fungal fungi have antibacterial activity . The main clinical for topical treatment of skin mycosis , such as hand, foot and ringworm , tinea , ear , vaginal mycosis . This product is toxic, orally gastrointestinal reactions , abnormal liver function , and leukopenia . Has been seldom used . Topical no adverse reactions , sometimes local inflammation . Topical 1% to 3% cream ; suppositories.
Beta-Glucan Applications
active structure Beta-Glucan is a polysaccharide composed of glucose units , which is capable of activating macrophages, neutrophils , etc. , thereby improving the interleukins , and the content of specific antibodies cytokinin comprehensively stimulate the immune systems. Numerous experiments show , Beta-Glucans can promote the body IgM antibodies to enhance humoral immunity . Furthermore , Beta-Glucan still clear free radicals , anti-radiation, dissolve cholesterol, prevention of hyperlipidemia and resist viral , fungal, bacterial and other infections caused by the effect, it is widely used in medicine , food, cosmetics other industries. The study found , Beta-Glucan can be used as life events play a central role in the genetic material , can control cell division and differentiation , regulation of cell growth , in the treatment of cancer , hepatitis , cardiovascular , diabetes and lowering blood pressure, anti-aging , which are unique biological activity. In many countries , Japan , the United States , Russia and other of Beta-Glucan has been widely used in food, health care , skin care and other industries.
1 yeast glucan – kill the virus cells laser-guided bombs
Yeast is mainly present in the yeast cell wall glucan , the yeast cell wall dry weight accounted for 29% of its special triple helical structure Supermicro unique targeting characteristics, can be locked dormancy, resistance and subclinical lesions . ” remnants of the virus cells , “thus ” sync ” to protect clinical treatment attenuated efficiency , greatly limits . Meanwhile , yeast glucan can quickly activate the body ‘s own immune regulation and identify mechanisms to enhance their combat effectiveness , so that their immune system to achieve the best balance these two aspects simultaneously , resulting in rapid increase in human disease in the shortest time ability to maintain the body ‘s health.
2 yeast glucan – comparable with Ganoderma healthy food
This particular yeast glucan ultra spiral molecular structure can be the strongest and most immunocompetent easily absorbed form. When the yeast glucan into the human body , the helix structure is not decided hydrolyzed to glucose and other monosaccharides ( no effect on diabetes ) in the gastrointestinal tract , but in combination with a specific receptor by endocytosis ( or endocytosis ) , and ultimately through the intestinal epithelium and into the lymphatic system , and from the lymphatic system into the blood system and play a role. Chinese medicine can revive said , holy immortal medicine of immortality – Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides its active ingredients , mostly dextran. But because Ganoderma is rich in fiber , is not easy to eat , and Ganoderma has a solid walls , it is difficult to be absorbed by the body. Experimental results show that the yeast glucan extracted more than 95 % tumor inhibition rate , the most biologically active dextran , it can be said yeast glucan is truly a ” super Ganoderma .”
Tiantian yeast
· Natural Security Tiantian yeast glucan is mainly composed of β-1, 3 from natural yeast cell walls – glucan and various vitamins .
· Experiments showed high biological activity , the yeast glucan extracted strongest biological activity , which has more than 95% tumor inhibition.
· Rapidly absorbed , product quality is guaranteed.
The crowd
· Travel frequently , living without the law , entertainment and more white-collar workers ;
· The elderly , physical weakness , especially in patients with severe patients ( radiotherapy, chemotherapy patients ) ;
· Others who need regulating immunity .
Beta-Glucan is the highest content of polysaccharide cell wall of Candida albicans . According to the solubility of Beta-Glucans can be divided into soluble and insoluble Beta-Glucan , the soluble Beta-Glucans which comprises an alkali -soluble and acid-soluble glucan . Sugar chain structure can be divided according to the difference β-(1 → 3) – glucan , and β-(l → 6) – glucan . Methylation analysis and CNMR studies have shown that acid-soluble glucans from yeast, mycelia and hyphae forming cells , is 1 → 4 polymer chains connected a highly branched . Hyphal cell wall of yeast cells and insoluble glucans from 30% to 40% of β-(1 → 3) – glucan , and 43% to 53 % of the β-(1 → 6) – a mixture of dextran components. Acute toxicity test found by Candida albicans Beta-Glucan on various organs except the liver of mice , no significant toxicity , and acute toxicity tests showed that the safe range insoluble Beta-Glucan soluble β- greater glucan , is worthy of further study its pharmacodynamic effects .
features of Sorbic acid
features of Sorbic acid
1 good antifungal effect . Sorbic acid and potassium benzoate was significantly higher than mildew and salt , potassium sorbate antifungal effect is 5-10 times sodium benzoate . Sorbic acid dosage is generally between 0.2-1.0 g / kg.
Sorbic
Sorbic
2 . Products with low toxicity and high safety. Sorbate toxicity benzoate only 1/4 . Salt 1/2. Potassium sorbate and safe use in humans ranges : the amount per kg of body weight per day is not more than 25 mg.
3 does not change food characteristics. Sorbic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid into the body, the body’s metabolic processes involved , the metabolic products of carbon dioxide and water. So , sorbic acid can be seen as part of the food , in food applications , not undermine food color , smell, taste and nutrients.
4 . Broad range of applications . Sorbic acid and potassium can be used for beverages, wine , spices , meat , aquatic products, pickles and other food preservative among fresh fruits and also have an effect.
5. Easy to use. When using sorbic acid and potassium salt can be added directly , or can be sprayed or impregnated . It is because of its use of flexible features , so the FAO , the World Health Organization, the United States, Britain , Japan and China , Southeast Asian countries, sorbic acid and potassium are recommended as a variety of food preservative .