Monthly Archives: May 2014

Magnesium sulfate main purpose

Medicine
( 1 ) magnesium inhibit the central nervous system , skeletal muscle relaxation , a sedative , antispasmodic and reduce intracranial pressure and so on. Commonly used to treat seizures, eclampsia, uremia , such as tetanus and hypertensive encephalopathy . More in 10 ml of 10% magnesium deep intramuscular or diluted with 5 % glucose 2% to 2.5% of a solution of the slow drip . It should be noted direct intravenous or intramuscular injection of large doses of magnesium is very dangerous , usually a maximum of 25% magnesium sulfate with 15 ml can. Should be used to observe the patient’s breathing and blood pressure , slow knee reflex is an important sign of a sufficient amount of magnesium ions .
( 2 ) Magnesium has an extremely important role in the metabolism of sugar and a protein . Child growth and development period of time if there is indigestion and vitamin D, magnesium salt should be added .
( 3 ) having a plurality of magnesium potassium similar physiological functions. Due to the lack of clinical manifestations of magnesium and potassium similar, so magnesium deficiency is often easily overlooked. When potassium and when potassium after no improvement of symptoms , you should first take into account the possibility of magnesium deficiency , so in order to make timely corrective hypomagnesemia . Thus , long-term infusion of the patient , at the same time pay attention to the potassium magnesium supplementation . Plus 1 g daily infusion of magnesium sulfate to prevent the occurrence of hypomagnesemia .
( 4 ) patients with cardiac dysfunction when using digitalis drugs may be appropriate to supplement magnesium, low magnesium aggravated prevent digitalis toxicity . Treatment with magnesium tachycardia often effective clinically .
( 5 ) Oral magnesium little absorption in the intestine , so none of the above purposes. But there is good oral magnesium sulfate catharsis function, so called magnesium sulfate Epsom salts . Reaches the intestine after oral administration of aqueous magnesium sulfate solution , a certain osmotic pressure, so that water is not absorbed by the intestinal wall . Enteral retain large amounts of water , able to stimulate intestinal peristalsis and defecation. Thus magnesium sulfate for the treatment of constipation, intestinal abnormal fermentation ; with insect repellent and use, intestinal worms can easily eliminated . Can each be 5 to 20 grams of magnesium sulfate dissolved in 100 to 400 ml of warm water in the morning orally once . High concentration difficult , preferably 5% , otherwise the delay defecation .
( 6 ) magnesium can stimulate the duodenal mucosa , bile duct caused by reflex sphincter relaxation , cholecystokinin , thereby promoting gallbladder emptying, choleretic effect. For the treatment of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis , each 2 to 5 grams , 3- times daily, before meals or food orally. 50% to 33% of magnesium sulfate dilution (high concentration ), 5ml Tid.
( 7 ) magnesium sulfate can be used as gastrointestinal contrast
( 8 ) anti-inflammatory to the swelling of the goods 50% topical solution heat affected area , remove swelling anti-inflammatory effect.
Topical magnesium powder can be swelling, swelling after treatment for physical trauma, to help improve rough skin and so on.
Magnesium

Magnesium
magnesium sulfate soluble in water, not orally absorbed, aqueous solution of magnesium ions and sulfate ions are not easily absorbed by the intestinal wall , so that intestinal osmotic pressure, the water body fluids move to the intestine , so that the intestine volume increase , wall expansion , thereby stimulating intestinal afferent nerve endings caused by reflex increases peristalsis catharsis , its role in the entire bowel , so fast and strong . As a cathartic agent and duodenal drainage agent.
Intravenous and intramuscular magnesium sulfate is mainly used anticonvulsant, it can cause blood vessels to dilate , causing blood pressure to drop , due to the central inhibition and skeletal muscle relaxant effect of magnesium sulfate , antihypertensive effect, mainly used in clinical remission eclampsia, tetanus such as seizures , but also for the treatment of hypertensive crisis . Also used as a drug solution of barium salts.
Industry
For tanning , explosives , fertilizers , paper , porcelain, printing dyes, lead-acid battery industry. Magnesium and other potassium , calcium, amino acid salts , minerals such as silicates , bath salts can be used .
Agriculture
Fertilizer: In agriculture and gardening , magnesium sulfate is used to improve soil magnesium (magnesium is an essential element of the chlorophyll molecule ) , the most commonly used for potted plants , or magnesium crops, such as potatoes, roses, tomatoes, peppers and marijuana. Administration of magnesium sulfate advantage over other magnesium magnesium soil amendments ( such as dolomitic lime ) is its high solubility.
Feed: feed grade magnesium as magnesium supplement feed processing . Magnesium is involved in osteoblast animal body and muscle contraction process indispensable factor is the animal in vivo activator of many enzymes , the body of the animal ‘s metabolism and nerve function plays an extremely important role. If the animal body magnesium deficiency , metabolism and can cause neurological disorders, feeding disorders, affect animal growth and development, and even lead to death

Use of hydrogen peroxide

The use of hydrogen peroxide for medical , military and industrial use are three daily disinfection of the medical hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide can kill intestinal bacteria of medical , pyogenic bacteria, pathogenic yeasts , generally used for surface disinfection . Oxidation with hydrogen peroxide , but the medical hydrogen peroxide concentration equal to or less than 3% , wiping the wound surface , there will be a burning sensation , the surface is oxidized to white and fizzy , wash with water can, over 3-5 minutes restore the original color .
Chemical industry for the production of sodium perborate , sodium percarbonate, peracetic acid , sodium chlorite, sulfur dioxide and other materials urea , tartaric acid , vitamins and other oxidants. The pharmaceutical industry as a bactericide , disinfectant, and the production of pesticides and 40l thiram antimicrobial oxidants . Cotton fabric dyeing industry as a bleaching agent , restore hair color after dyeing agent . For removing iron and other heavy metal salts , or the production of other compounds . Also used in electroplating solution, inorganic impurities can be removed to improve plating quality. Also used wool, silk , fur , feathers, ivory , bristles , pulp , fat bleaching . High concentrations of hydrogen peroxide can be used as rocket fuel power .
Civil : Handle Kitchen sewer smell,
To the pharmacy to buy hydrogen peroxide plus water plus detergent down the drain , can decontamination, disinfection, sterilization ;
3% hydrogen peroxide ( medical grade ) available wound disinfectant ;
[ 5 ] In the laboratory preparation of hydrogen peroxide can be used for production of oxygen , fast and convenient , but the high cost , the preparation should not be used in industrial or large scale preparation .

The main purpose of Sodium sulfite anhydrous

1 , the chemical industry for the manufacture of sodium sulfide sodium silicate and other chemical products .
2, the paper industry for the manufacture of kraft pulp cooking when agents .
3 , made of soda glass industry to replace the co- solvent.
4 , the textile industry for the deployment of Vinylon spinning coagulant.
5, for the non-ferrous metallurgy , leather and so on.
6 ,Sodium sulfite anhydrous used for making sodium sulfide , pulp , glass, water glass , enamel , also used as laxatives and barium salt poisoning antidotes . Is a byproduct of the manufacture of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid with salt when . For the manufacture of sodium sulfide , sodium silicate on the chemical . Laboratory for wash barium salt . Preparation for the industry to take NaOH and H ₂ SO ₄ raw materials , but also for paper, glass , printing and dyeing , synthetic fiber , leather and so on. Sodium in an organic synthesis laboratory of the most commonly used treatment desiccant.
7 Sodium sulfite anhydrous mainly used as synthetic detergent filler. Paper industry for cooking agent when manufacturing kraft pulp . Glass industry to replace soda . The chemical industry for the manufacture of sodium sulfide , sodium silicate raw materials and other chemical products . The textile industry for the deployment of Vinylon coagulating bath . The pharmaceutical industry as laxatives . Also used in non-ferrous metallurgy , leather and so on.
8 , so that the hydration products sulphoaluminate generate faster , thereby speeding up the rate of cement hydration and hardening . Sodium content of cement quality is generally 0.5 % to 2% , can improve the early strength of concrete by 50% to 100%, 28 days to improve the strength and sometimes , sometimes lower , increase rate of about 10% , with the type of cement , curing conditions its content varies . Also used as synthetic detergent filler , but also for the paper industry , glass industry, chemical industry, textile industry and pharmaceutical industry.
9 , Sodium sulfite anhydrous used as analytical reagents, such as dehydration, digestive catalyst fixed nitrogen , atomic absorption spectroscopy interference inhibitors. Also used in the pharmaceutical industry .
10 , for the chemical, paper and glass , dyes, printing and pharmaceutical industry, in the manufacture of synthetic fibers , leather , non-ferrous metallurgy , enamel , etc. There are also applications , also used as an additive in detergents and soaps .
11 , Sodium sulfite anhydrous can be used as a buffer to stabilize the sulfate zinc ph value of the bath .

3,5 – Xylenol

Chinese name: 3,5 – dimethylphenol
Chinese alias : 3,5 – xylenol ; MX; 3,5 – xylenol ; 1 – hydroxy-3 ,5 – dimethylbenzene ; 1,3,5 – xylenol ; 1,3 – xylene -5 – phenol ; 1,3 – dimethyl-5 – hydroxy ; 3,5 – xylene -1 – phenol
English name : 3,5-Dimethylphenol
English Name : 3,5-Xylenol; OBPA; MX
CAS No:. 108-68-9
EINECS: 203-606-5
Molecular formula : C8H10O
Molecular Weight: 122.17
Melting point : 63-66 ℃
Boiling point : 222 ℃
Refractive index : 1.5362 (20 C)
Flash Point : 109 ℃
Inchi: InChI = 1/C8H10O/c1-6-3-7 (2) 5-8 (9) 4-6/h3-5, 9H ,1-2H3
Density: 0.968
Water Solubility : 5.3 g / L (25 ℃)
Risk Codes : R24/25, R34,
RIDADR : UN 2261
Safety Description : S26, S28A, S36/37/39, S45,
HS CODE: 29071400
Packing Group : II
Hazard Class: 6.1
Storage temperature :. Store in a tightly closed container Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.
Acute toxicity : Oral – Rat LD50: 608 mg / kg ; Oral – mouse LD50: 477 mg / kg
Extinguishing Media : Carbon dioxide , sand , foam , dry powder
Fire hazard : Flash point data for 3,5-Dimethylphenol are not available 3,5-Dimethylphenol is probably combustible..
Toxicity grading : highly toxic
Stimulus data: Eyes – 0.25 mg rabbit severe
Explosive hazardous characteristics : high fever case , the fire or contact with oxidants, cause a fire danger. Corrosive.
Storage features: Treasury ventilation low-temperature drying ; and food materials , bases , oxidizers separate storage
Flammable hazardous characteristics : flammable ; combustion releases toxic chlorine fumes

Buluoboer

Characters (Characteristics):
English name : Bronopol; Biocide
English Name : Bronopol; 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1 ,3-diol; 1,3-Propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-; 2-Bromo-1-nitro-1 ,3-propanediol; 2 – bromo-2-nitro-3-propanediol; 2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1 ,3-diol; 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1 ,3-propanediol; 3-Propanediol ,2-bromo-2-nitro- 1; beta-Bromo-beta-nitrotrimethyleneglycol; Bioban BNPD-40
Chemical Name : 2 – bromo-2 – nitro -1 ,3 – propanediol
Chinese alias : 2 – bromo-2 – nitro-1 ,3 – propanediol ; bronopol ; bronopol WP ; bromopropanol ; bromine nitrate propanol ; 2 – nitro -2-1,3 – propanediol ( Broken Ball ) ; 2 – bromo -2 – nitro-1 ,3 – propanediol ( Buluoboer ) ; bronopol ; Buloh Boer ; leather Le Bao ; 2 – bromo -2 – nitro – 1,3 – propanol ; 2 – bromo -2 – nitro -1 ,3 – diol
CAS NO. :52-51-7
Formula : C3H6BrNO4
Molecular Weight : 199.98
Quality standards:
Appearance: odorless or smell slightly bromine , white or light yellow crystalline powder.
Content : ≥ 99%
Melting point (MP) :121-129 ℃
Moisture : ≤ 0.5%
The remaining indicators in line with the standard version of the British Pharmacopoeia BP98
Solubility: soluble in water ( 25 weight / volume / 25 ℃) and polar organic solvents. Low solubility in oil , 23 ℃ , only to dissolve 0.5g, oil / water partition coefficient.
Safety performance:
Acute toxicity : LD50 is 222mg/Kg weight ( female oral ) -266mg/kg weight ( male oral ) , male and female mice were no significant differences in toxicity tests . Consistent with the foreign literature reports . Moderate level of toxicity in the toxicity .
To the skin and mucous membranes Test : When the concentration is less than 0.5% Bronopol concentration on the skin and mucous membranes without any stimulation . When Buluoboer 0.5% dilution ( 10-fold higher concentration ) , a one-time rabbit skin irritation test , the result is a light irritation.
Skin allergy test : When Buluoboer concentration of less than 0.25% , no contact allergy.
Buluoboer inhibitory spectrum
When the presence of organic cosmetics , non-ionic , nonionic surfactants yin and yang , did not affect the inhibitory effect Buluoboer , nor antagonism to each other. Protein content in the formulation is less than 10% , the excellent effect can Bronopol corrosion.
And amount of use of
Broken Ball can be used in creams, lotions, shampoos and other products. General dosage 0.02-0.05 % in cosmetic products , the maximum allowable dosage of 0.1% , no residual emissions will not cause accumulation of pollution .
Application PH value range :4 -10
Usage: biocides , sterilization is mainly used for industrial water recycling, pulp and paper , paints, plastics , cosmetics, timber, cooling water systems, and industrial uses, mildew , corrosion , algae and so on. Under alkaline conditions , it is easy to lose activity. The most suitable range of Ph 4-6
Quality indicators
(Quality Specification): 99%
Packing & Storage
(Package & Storage): Packaging: 25

soda ash production methods

Development History
4.1.1 soda ash Laboratory Methods
Laboratory Preparation of sodium carbonate :
.
4.1.2 soda ash Lv Bulan Law
First in 1791 , the ancients began with salt , sulfuric acid, coal, limestone as raw material to produce sodium carbonate , is Lv Bulan method.
This method does not fully utilize the raw material , poor working conditions, poor product quality , and gradually replaced by Solvay process .
4.1.3 soda ash Solvay process
1859 , Belgian Solvay , with salt , ammonia , carbon dioxide as raw materials, at room temperature to precipitate sodium bicarbonate from the solution, heating it, and that the decomposition of sodium carbonate , alkali people this method is known as the Soxhlet this method has been in use ever since.
4.1.4 soda ash Houde Bang Law
1943 Chinese people studying abroad returned Houde Bang , he combined Mainland China ‘s national conditions and lack of salt on the Solvay process improvements , the two industrial joint soda ash and ammonia , while the production of sodium carbonate and ammonium chloride fertilizer , greatly improved salt utilization, is Hou soda method.
Reaction principle
Soxhlet soda method and the main chemical reaction Hou soda method are :
Reaction one :
NaHCO3 ( sodium bicarbonate ) soluble only under these conditions , greater than the solubility of sodium bicarbonate dissolved under this condition , the precipitated solid sodium bicarbonate , filtered to afford solid sodium bicarbonate .
Reaction II:
Hou alkali and alkali Soxhlet method different method is the preparation of the Soxhlet process is recycled NH3 :
And Hou law throughout the preparation process , NH4Cl directly as a byproduct of soda ash —- fertilizer.
So Soxhlet products are sodium carbonate, calcium chloride byproduct ; while Hou law product is sodium carbonate, ammonium chloride byproduct .
Hou alkali method
Namely:
① NaCl ( saturated ) + NH3 + H2O + CO2 ==== NH4Cl + NaHCO3
②
Ammonia and carbon dioxide reacts with the water molecule of ammonium bicarbonate , which is the first step .
( 1 )
The second step : the reaction of sodium bicarbonate and precipitates of sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride , sodium bicarbonate and the reason is because precipitation of the less soluble .
(2) NH ₄ HCO ₃ + NaCl ( saturated ) ==== NH ₄ Cl + NaHCO ₃ ↓
Part can be directly synthesized sodium bicarbonate factory sales , and the rest will be thermal decomposition of sodium bicarbonate to produce sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide can be generated back to the first step !
( 3 )
According NH4Cl solubility than NaCl, at a low temperature than the solubility of NaCl principle , 278K ~ 283K (5 ℃ ~ 10 ℃) when , salt powder was added to the mother liquor , leaving to crystallize for doing NH4Cl nitrogen alone .
Advantages of this method : the ammonia soda process retains the advantages , it eliminates the drawbacks that increase the utilization of salt to 96%; NH4Cl do nitrogen ; ammonia plant with a joint , so that the ammonia feed gas CO into CO2, leather In addition to this process CO2 CaCO3 system .

The biological process of poly glutamic acid was published in Jiangsu

Since the 90s of the last century, development green chemical products has become a trend in the development of chemical industry, and the polymerization of amino acid series products development also emerged from. In recent years, Japan, the United States and other developed countries have carried out the research of microbial fermentation gamma polyglutamic acid, the Japanese walk in the forefront of the world, which Meiji Seika has realized the gamma poly glutamic acid in commercial production, and gradually extended its application, and the gamma poly glutamic acid also has been rarely reported.
Gamma polyglutamic acid (PGA) is a by microbial synthesis of poly amino acids, has excellent biological compatibility and biodegradability, the in vivo degradation for glutamic acid directly absorbed and used as biomedical materials. In addition, because of strong water absorption of poly glutamic acid, easy modification, can be rapidly degraded in nature, will not cause environmental pollution, can be used in cosmetics, food and drug delivery.
The topic group for the production of poly glutamic acid is mostly used in Japan, the extraction process is very complex, the production cost is very high. Through natural selection and mutation, strains with independent intellectual property rights, combined with the optimization of the enzyme production mechanism and fermentation conditions, gamma poly glutamic acid concentration of generated 30 grams / liter above, the glutamate substrate conversion rate of 80% of the production level and production rate reached 25 grams / liter / hour. At the same time, the new technology will be used to separate the traditional means of separation and ultrafiltration membrane separation means to simplify the process, so that the yield of the product reached 80%, the product content of 99%. The preparation and application of gamma poly glutamic acid high water absorbent resin were studied, and the water absorption of high water absorbent resin with water absorption rate of 1600 g / g was obtained. According to reports, the resin is a kind of sand fixing vegetation eco friendly materials, and is currently the preliminary study on the agricultural application.

The main purpose 8-Hydroxyquinoline

1 ,8-Hydroxyquinoline is widely used for the determination and separation of metals . Precipitating agent and precipitation and separation of metal ions in the extraction agent , with the following metal ions : Cu +2, Be +2, Mg +2, Ca +2, Sr +2, Ba +2,?????? Zn? +2, Cd? +2, Al? +3, Ga? +3, In? +3, Tl? +3, Yt? +3, La +3, Pb? +2, B? +3, Sb ? +3, Cr? +3, MoO? +22, Mn? +2, Fe? +3, Co? +2, Ni? +2, Pd? +2, Ce? +3
1 used as pharmaceutical intermediates , synthetic grams Xie Li Ning , clioquinol , flutter respite sensitive materials , but also dye , pesticide intermediates. The product is a halogenated quinoline class of anti- amoebic drug intermediates , including quinoline iodoform , clioquinol , iodoquinol so on. These drugs inhibit the intestinal commensal bacteria play a role in anti- amoebic of amoebic dysentery effective, no outside influence on intestinal amoeba . Foreign reports this class of drugs can cause subacute optic neuropathy , the drug has been disabled in Japan and the United States , caused by the disease iodoquinol than clioquinol rare. 8 – hydroxy quinoline also dye , pesticide intermediates. Copper sulfate and is an excellent antiseptic , disinfectant and fungicide . The product is a complex indicator for chemical analysis.
2 is used as a complexing agent and an extractant precipitation and separation of metal ions , with Cu +2, Be +2, Mg +2, Ca +2, Sr +2, Ba +2, Zn? +2, Cd + 2, Al +3, Ga +3, In +3, Tl +3, Yt +3, La +3, Pb +2, B +3, Sb? +3, Cr +3, MoO? +22, Mn + 2, Fe +3, Co +2, Ni +2, Pd +2, Ce +3, and other metal ions . Determination of organic trace analysis of nitrogen heterocyclic organic synthesis. Also dyes, pesticides and halogenated quinoline class of anti- amoebic drug intermediates . Copper sulfate and is an excellent preservative.
3 of epoxy adhesive can be added to improve the metal ( especially stainless steel ) adhesive strength and heat aging resistance , the amount is generally 0.5 to 3 parts . Halogenated quinoline class of anti- amebic drugs intermediates, pesticide , dye intermediates. Complexometric titration indicator can be used as fungicides, preservatives and industrial polyester resins, phenolic resins and hydrogen peroxide stabilizers, or chemical analysis.
(4) The product is an intermediate halogenated quinoline drugs , but also dyes, pesticide intermediates. Copper sulfate and is an excellent antiseptic , disinfectant and fungicide . Cosmetics maximum allowable content ( mass fraction ) was 0.3% , sunscreen products and products for children under 3 years of age ( as talcum powder ) is disabled and should indicate on the product label ” disabled children under 3 years of age .” In dealing with bacterial infections and bacterial infections of the skin, eczema , lotion 8 – hydroxy quinoline mass fraction of 0.001% to 0.02%. It is also used as a disinfectant , antiseptic and fungicide , and its strong anti- fungal effect . 8-ydroxyquinoline sulfate used in skin creams and lotions content ( mass fraction ) of 0.05 % to 0.5 %.

Oxalic acid and chemical properties

Oxalic acid at 100 ℃ start sublimation , when rapid sublimation 125 ℃ , 157 ℃ when a large number of sublimation , and begin to decompose.
With a base , may occur esterification, acid halide , an amidation reaction . Reduction reaction can also occur , heat decarboxylation reaction . Anhydrous oxalic acid is hygroscopic . Oxalic acid can dissolve in water to form complexes with many metals .
Acidity
Oxalic acid than acetic acid ( acetic acid ) 10000- X , the acid is an organic acid . Its an ionization constant Ka1 = 5.9 × 10 ^ -2, two ionization constant Ka2 = 6.4 × 10 ^ -5. With continuity acids. Can occur with alkali neutralization, the indicator can change color , can emit carbon dioxide and carbonate role .
For example : H2C2O4 + Na2CO3 == Na2C2O4 + CO2 ↑ + H2O
H2C2O4 + Zn == ZnC2O4 + H2 ↑
Reductive
Oxalate has a strong reduction, and oxidant easily oxidized into carbon dioxide and water [ 1 ] . Can make acidic potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solution fade, and reduced to divalent manganese ions. This reaction is used as a quantitative analysis method for determining the concentration of potassium permanganate . Oxalic acid can also wash away spilled ink on the cloth track .
2KMnO4 +5 H2C2O4 +3 H2SO4 == K2SO4 +2 MnSO4 +10 CO2 ↑ +8 H2O
H2C2O4 + NaClO == NaCl +2 CO2 ↑ + H2O
Instability
Oxalic acid at 189.5 ℃ or in case of concentrated sulfuric acid will decompose to produce carbon dioxide , carbon monoxide and water.
H2C2O4 ==== CO2 ↑ + CO ↑ + H2O
Laboratories can use this reaction to the admission of carbon monoxide gas .
Hydrogen oxalate to carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia , and water 200 degrees
Toxicity
Oxalic acid is poisonous. On the skin , mucous membrane irritation and corrosion, easily through the skin , mucous membranes absorb lead poisoning . Air maximum allowable concentration of 1m g/m3.
Esterification
Acetic acid ester with an alcohol can be generated . For example, the reaction of acetic acid with ethanol, ethylene malonate.

Benzalkonium chloride application

Pharmacological effects of Cymbalta cationic surfactant broad-spectrum fungicide , alter the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane permeability , so that the cell cytoplasm
Material extravasation.
Drug interactions with the product soap and other anionic surfactants , citrate , iodide , nitrate , permanganate , salicylates , silver , tartrate and alkaloids incompatibility. Aluminum , cotton dressings, fluorescein sodium , hydrogen peroxide , kaolin , lanolin and some sulfa drugs incompatibility. And some synthetic rubber and plastics ingredients may have incompatibility.
[ Dosing instructions ]
1 . Quaternary ammonium surfactants , its bactericidal medium strength , as a fungicide surgical instruments and items not heat , its efficacy is not clear , so 2010 has been replaced by other low toxicity and more efficient disinfectant , try not used to disinfect these items.
(2) The solution for soft contact lenses can not be agents of extinction mother.

3 aqueous solution of this product may be microbial contamination , to reduce the risk of contamination should be used aseptic or further diluted before use , freshly prepared at the desired concentration and dilution in the process of preservation and to take appropriate measures to prevent the the product may be contaminated .
4 and do not use soap, synthetic detergent , or other salts , avoiding the use of aluminum containers. Metal instrument sterilization needs plus 0.5 % sodium nitrite rust.
5 solution shall be stored in PVC bottles , avoiding its plasticizer contained react , so that efficacy disappeared .
6 should not be used for mirrors , ophthalmic instruments and disinfection of synthetic rubber bladder.
[Usage and dosage]
1 . The skin, mucous membrane disinfection 0.1% solution.
2 wounds disinfected with 0.01 % solution .
3 deep wound lavage with a 0.005% solution .
4 vaginal lavage with a solution of 0.02% to 0.05% .
5 . Bladder and urethra lavage solution of 0.005 % or less .
6 0.0025% to 0.005 % solution of the bladder with fluid retention .
7 sterilization of surgical instruments and save with 0.1 % solution of sodium nitrite can rust .
8 0.005 % to 0.02 % solution of antiseptic drops drug use .
9 Wash hands before surgery with 0.05 % to 0.1 % solution soak for 5 minutes
[Preparation and specifications
1 benzalkonium chloride solution : 5% .
2 benzalkonium bromide solution : 5 %.
Adverse reactions
1 This product is a topical solution concentration generally does not cause skin irritation , but some patients after repeated use of an allergic reaction may occur. When used as a preservative in eye drops , has been reported to cause allergic conjunctivitis , vision loss , etc.
(2) The product has a depolarizing muscle relaxant properties, after taking toxic symptoms include respiratory muscle paralysis caused by breathing difficulties and cyanosis, and even lead to suffocation. Central nervous system depression , hypotension , coma and death may also occur.
Reported benzalkonium chloride can cause allergic conjunctivitis , vision loss, contact dermatitis . Eye drops often benzalkonium bromide ( benzalkonium chloride ) as antibacterial agents . 0.1 % concentration in the cornea causes mild discomfort and for about 2 to 3 hours . Carried out within 90 seconds, slit lamp examination , visible in the corneal epithelium with fine gray clot , 10 minutes gray haze visible inner surface of the cornea , and then the surface conjunctival epithelial desquamation occurs . These surface stimulation and visual impairment in one day disappear . To be sure , the risk of glaucoma, dry eye patients , infection and inflammation of the iris with benzene , such as benzalkonium chloride eye drops too many times , for too long, enough to cause damage. They endothelial damage, and epithelial edema incidence bullous keratopathy high, and because of the seriousness of these diseases may cause harm to ignore some of the other secondary , which for corneal epithelial defects or especially ulcers in patients .
3% solution has also been reported to cause nausea enema minutes , cold sweat , eventually leading to death . Used for vaginal douching , some cases cause of death, cause of death due to respiratory paralysis believed to be caused .
Such as benzalkonium chloride, a suitable amount without any adverse reactions. Is caused by excessive use of tachycardia, palpitations , angina , arrhythmias , headache , nervousness , excitement, anxiety, insomnia, bone road muscle cramps, muscle weakness , tremors , sweating, flushing, heat intolerance , fever , diarrhea, vomiting, weight benzalkonium chloride and other similar alleviate symptoms of hyperthyroidism . When T3 overdose , adverse reactions compared with T4 or benzalkonium chloride powder quickly. Reduction or withdrawal causes all the symptoms disappear. T4 caused by overdose symptoms disappear more slowly. Adverse reactions similar performance with benzalkonium chloride hyperthyroidism , such as increased appetite , nervousness, various types of tachycardia , arrhythmias, and increased basal metabolism and so on. 1986 first reported allergic reactions pure benzalkonium chloride preparations caused benzalkonium chloride dysfunction in patients with fever , abnormal liver function , increased eosinophils , after the general withdrawal symptoms can disappear.
For the youth, who benzalkonium chloride dysfunction , T4 may cause short-term pseudo encephalopathy, if used continuously T4 treatment , even if there is no local neurological defects , both sides will have a headache and papilledema appear. Acute poisoning benzalkonium chloride benzalkonium chloride may cause clinical disease syndrome outbreaks resulting in death, but in general there will be only a temporary overdose symptoms of hyperthyroidism . Pharmacists have been reported due to the amount of T4 as mistakenly g mg dose administered to patients , and a dangerous situation . T4, especially T3, if administered intravenously, the heart is very dangerous, so the next unless edema in patients with myxoid life-threatening , and has a good heart monitor conditions before considering intravenous administration , if these patients while dopamine drugs, more dangerous and should be used with caution .
[ Disabled ] caution

One can certainly suffer from glaucoma, dry eye patients , infection and inflammation of the iris benzalkonium chloride with benzene as the number of drops too much , too long enough to cause damage. They endothelial damage, and epithelial edema incidence bullous keratopathy high, and because of the seriousness of these diseases may lead to neglect of other minor hazards, for corneal epithelial defects or especially ulcers in patients .
2 treatment , misuse of local early use of sodium chloride , magnesium sulfate, soft soap solution antagonistic . Timely adoption of appropriate amount of anti-inflammatory corticosteroids , anti-drug absorption after treatment , can reduce symptoms and shorten the course.
Salt and soap and disinfectant prohibited drugs . Not for cystoscopy, ophthalmic instruments and synthetic rubber products for disinfection.
Three elderly patients sensitive to benzalkonium chloride , more than 60 years of age who require replacement of benzalkonium chloride of about 25% lower than the young .
4 should be used with caution in the following conditions :
① cardiovascular disease, including angina , atherosclerosis , coronary heart disease , hypertension , myocardial infarction patients ;
② for longer duration, severe illness hypothyroidism or myxedema patients using this drug should be careful to start with a small dose , after slowly increasing the dose until the physiological replacement ;
③ associated with pituitary dysfunction , or adrenal insufficiency should be used in patients with corticosteroids, adrenal function returned to normal soon after the use of the drugs. For heart patients and long-term hypothyroidism who use benzalkonium chloride replacement therapy is more dangerous, and adrenal insufficiency often associated with low thyroid function , if benzalkonium chloride alternative treatment prior to corticosteroid therapy , there may be Addison’s crisis.
For patients with swelling of benzalkonium chloride , benzalkonium chloride secretion has remained within the normal range, the endogenous accumulation of benzalkonium chloride , a relatively small amount of exogenous hormones benzalkonium chloride can cause excessive and cause the .