1 , flocculation : PAM allows suspended material by charge neutralization , bridging adsorption, flocculation effect .
2 , the adhesive : through mechanical, physical, chemical action , since the adhesion effect.
3 , lowering resistance : PAM can effectively reduce fluid friction , water with traces of PAM can be 50-80% reduction in resistance .
4 , thickening: PAM thickening effect in neutral and acid conditions, when the PH value above 10 PAM easily hydrolyzed . When a semi- mesh structure , thickening more obvious.
Polyacrylamide usage instructions
1 , the number of washing with the use of cationic polyacrylamide can be set from 30 kg to one hundred and ten kilograms ; wastewater usage of the chemical industry is generally between fifty to one hundred and twenty kilograms ; dyeing industry wastewater and paper industry wastewater difficult to deal with , should increase the number used to set the number to use in one hundred to three hundred kilograms more reasonable , electroplating wastewater industry and general industrial water is generally not more than fifty kilograms . Note : ( number of industries are using this number several thousand tons of wastewater each ) .
2 , sewage treatment methods depending on Desliming flocculant used is not the same .
If the process the body uses biochemical methods , that is, sludge dewatering ( probably containing some early silt ) , just as sludge dewatering agent cationic PAM can .
If the process the body uses physical methods, such as an enhanced loading magnetic separation process, the general is to add PAC quenched , then add the anionic flocculant , and finally add cationic flocculant dehydration. Specific dosage should be based on effluent quality .
There are many sewage treatment station , sludge dewatering added directly PAC or other inorganic flocculants can be, in this frame filter, especially electronics factory or a small sewage treatment plant used widely.
When PAM sludge dehydrating agent as generally used in a ratio of 0.1% water – 0.2 %. Dissolved into a glue -like liquid in the future , then vote added to the sludge mixed treatment .
And sludge ratio is generally 5% – 10% , and some less , this should be determined according to the concentration of the sludge , it is best to determine the optimal dosage and usage models beaker through field experiments . Different sludge, different agents , the treatment effect of different equipment, different management levels , the sludge is different.
3, the sewage treatment plant with a cationic polyacrylamide as sewage sludge dewatering operations agent . In the process , and customer communication , customers often asked in the process of wastewater treatment sludge dewatering , sludge dewatering agent dosage problems. To know the exact opposite sludge dewatering agent dosage , first of all understand these parameters , the moisture content of the sludge , mud cake moisture content , into the mud , into the amount of drugs, pharmaceuticals concentration.
Sludge moisture content: the percentage of moisture contained in the sludge and sludge than the weight of the total weight of the moisture content of the sludge is called .
Cake moisture content : The percentage off the sludge cake that is contained in the water weight and the ratio of the total weight of the sludge cake moisture content is called .
But also through the following formula for computing
1 dosage mg / L = Dosing Quality / Water treatment / dispensing concentration
2 , treated water dosing dose = treated water m3 / h * dosage g/m3
3 , the amount of dry sludge treated water * = [ (1 - sludge moisture content ) / (1 - cake moisture content ) ]
4 , pharmaceutical consumption per ton of dry clay dosage g/m3 = / dry mud
The above result of the calculation error may be relatively large , only made with reference to water running. The actual amount of consumption of the drug you want to actually test machine operators
Monthly Archives: May 2014
Use Pivalic acid
Application of pesticides
So, for the synthesis of acetate or acetone pinacolone can be synthesized in a variety of new pesticides, fungicides , plant growth regulators and pesticides , such as triazole alcohol, benzyl chloride triadimenol , triadimefon ( triadimefon ) , MET double oxacillin alcohol , effects azole , allyl trazodone , tebuconazole , sprout inhibition azole , shrink strains azole Fortunately, trazodone and so on. These products have high efficiency , low toxicity , uptake , broad-spectrum , with less Vinca and other characteristics of rice, wheat , soybeans , fruit, vegetables and other crops with resistance to plant diseases and insect pests , such as lodging has good control effect .
Application of medicine
Pivaloyl chloride production furosemide ampicillin , double-effect material pivaloyl adrenal table can be used for the production of ampicillin , amoxicillin , cefazolin , and other semi-synthetic antibiotics. Pivalate prepared with prednisone good solubility , high efficacy , side effects, can be used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Benzoyl pivalate capillaries increase the stability , for the treatment of tuberculosis. Pivalate prepared fluorometholone , used as an ointment for treating psoriasis of the active ingredient .
Application areas initiator agent
Pivalic acid chloride is reacted with t-butyl peroxide , sodium peroxide, t -butyl ester generated can produce free radicals , may be as low temperature -50 ℃, high efficiency , short induction period, the short cycle characteristics. In addition, use it as efficient initiator, polymers produced good thermal stability, good electrical properties , non-toxic , with a large and good linearity , etc. in the structure of the molecular weight of the product can be used as food packaging bags.
By Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd. A novel pivalate peroxide initiator , t-hexyl peroxide Kit pivaloyl (HPP), which is the initiator efficiency , has no toxicity , low activity and other characteristics. And by its high peroxide initiator di – compound ( 2 -ethyl) hexyl acrylate with an initiator system consisting of a suspension of PVC in the production of a number of advantages : to reduce the polymerization time , the reaction heat uniformly to facilitate the process operation ; product particle morphology is good, “fish eyes” small, narrow molecular weight distribution, good quality products.
Pivalate for synthesis triggered there is great potential agents , should increase research efforts.
Application of coatings
Pivalic acid obtained by the initiator produced polyacrylate coating agent as compared with the conventional initiators obtained by selecting the specific structure of such an initiator and a chain transfer agent, a high solids synthetic hinge polyacrylate paint showed a higher gloss and gloss retention in aging experiments.
Shell Oil Company can be reported pivalic preparing epoxy powder coating treatment agent. Such a treatment agent with the powder coating with excellent color and luster and easy hydrolysis durable.
Other Applications
Pivalate having a resistance to hydrolysis and aroma , fragrance soap used as shampoos . Such as n-propyl pivalate with fruit, especially n-amyl valerate with orchid flavor, especially valerate with citrus flavor. Allyl pivalate can be used in the manufacture of hair gel . Pivalic acid esters of polyethylene glycol used as a truck ‘s brake oil, its lithium salt used as an engine fuel additive to increase the octane number . With a special acid as photosensitive materials coupler, with consumption of a small amount of silver , which will help thinning the layer to improve film clarity, the coupling reaction speed and other characteristics. In addition , special acid extraction agent also used metal , wood preservatives , etc., is widely used.
The main purpose of pentaerythritol
Pentaerythritol is mainly used in the coatings industry , alkyd resin coatings can be used to manufacture , enabling the hardness , gloss and durability of the paint film can be improved. It is also used as a raw material needed for rosin resin paints , varnishes and printing inks , and system -drying , Yin Fang empty flammable paints and lubricants . Pentaerythritolfatty acid ester is a highly effective lubricant and PVC plasticizer , an epoxy derivative of the raw material is from the production of surfactants . Pentaerythritol easily form complexes with metal , but also as a water softener in the detergent formulation used . In addition, for pharmaceuticals, pesticides and other production .
Pentaerythritol molecules containing four equivalents of hydroxymethyl, a high degree of symmetry , it is often used as a polyfunctional compound is prepared to take the raw material . It can be prepared by the nitration of Pentaerythritol tetranitrate ( PETN , PETN), is a high explosive ; esterification available Pentaerythritoltriacrylate (PETA), used as a coating .
Used as a flame retardant adhesive , and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with available intumescent flame retardant . Polyurethane crosslinker also used to provide a branched polyurethane inside .
HEXAMINE Usage
HEXAMINE mainly used plastic resin and a curing agent , a catalyst and a blowing agent aminoplast , rubber vulcanization accelerator ( accelerator H), shrink and the like textile .
HEXAMINE organic synthesis of raw materials for the production of chloramphenicol in the pharmaceutical industry .
HEXAMINE used as a disinfectant of the urinary system , which itself has no antibacterial effect on Gram-negative bacteria effectively . 20% of its solution for the treatment of underarm odor , sweaty feet , tinea and so on. It is mixed with sodium hydroxide and sodium phenoxide , the masks do phosgene absorber.
Used in the manufacture of pesticides . HEXAMINE with fuming nitric acid , can be obtained highly explosive RDX , referred to as RDX.
HEXAMINE also as determination of bismuth , indium , manganese , cobalt , thorium , platinum, magnesium production, lithium, copper , uranium , beryllium , tellurium , bromide, iodide, etc. reagents and chromatography reagents.
Military fuel is used .
As a curing agent for resins and plastics , rubber vulcanization accelerator ( accelerator H), textiles shrink agent , and the system for fungicides, explosives. When medicinal, acidic urine after oral administration in case of decomposition of formaldehyde into sterilization , used for mild urinary tract infection ; outside used to treat ringworm, antiperspirant , cure underarm odor . Mixed with caustic soda and sodium phenol for gas masks as phosgene absorber.
BHT (2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol)
BHT (2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol)
GB 1900-80 This standard applies to p-cresol – isobutanol as raw materials and concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst, alumina as a dehydrating agent, the reaction of a di-2.6 butyl-p-cresol. Used as an antioxidant in food processing.
Structure:
MF: C15H24O MW: 220.36 (in 1977 the international atomic weight)
First, the technical requirements
1 Appearance: white crystal or crystalline powder.
2 2,6 – tert-butyl-p-cresol should meet the following requirements:
Index Name Index
Melting point, ℃ 69.0 ~ 70.0
Moisture,% ≤ 0.1
Burning residue,% ≤ 0.01
Sulfate (SO4 dollars),% ≤ 0.002
Heavy metals (as Pb),% ≤ 0.0004
Arsenic (As),% ≤ 0.0001
Free phenol (of p-cresol,)% ≤ 0.02
Azodicarbonamide Use
Different countries have different requirements on it in the United States , are ” generally recognized as safe ” food additives , flour maximum use level is 45ppm; in the UK, it is considered to cause respiratory sensitive , that its presence in the workplace may induced asthma ; in China , but also as a flour treatment agent limited use . World Health Organization believes that the limited animal experiments show that azodicarbonamide after being inhaled or ingested animal , most are not absorbed and rapidly through the feces is discharged , low acute toxicity in experimental animals , not on skin , eye and respiratory tract irritation. There is not enough research to prove azodicarbonamide on animal or human carcinogens or reproductive toxicity. But there is ample evidence that azodicarbonamide can induce asthma and other respiratory symptoms occur , may also make the skin sensitive to workers exposed to azodicarbonamide in their harmful to other systems are no studies .
However, this chemical is easier accused in three aspects affect human : including the destruction of flour vitamins, calcium absorption and impact damage to the body’s vital organs and induce cancer. Therefore , the United Kingdom , the European Union , Australia, New Zealand, Singapore and Japan have banned the use of azodicarbonamide in food .
2-Phosphonobutane -1,2,4-Tricarboxylic Acid (PBTCA) MSDS
Properties:
HEDPis an organophosphoric acid corrosion inhibitor. It can chelate with Fe, Cu, and Zn ions to form stable chelating compounds.It can dissolve the oxidized materials on these metals’ surfaces.HEDPshows excellent scale and corrosion inhibition effects under temperature 250℃.HEDPhas good chemical stability under high pH value, hard to be hydrolyzed, and hard to be decomposed under ordinary light and heat conditions. Its acid/alkali and chlorine oxidation tolerance are better than that of other organophosphoric acids (salt).HEDPcan react with metal ions in water system to form hexa-element chelating complex, with calcium ion in particular. Therefore,HEDPhas good antiscale and visible threshold effects. When built together with other water treatment chemicals, it shows good synergistic effects.
The solid state ofHEDPis crystal powder, suitable for usage in winter and freezing districts. Because of its high purity, it can be used as cleaning agent in electronic fields and as additives in daily chemicals.[1]
13Specification:
items index
Appearance Clear, Colorless to pale yellow aqueous solution White crystal powder
Active content (HEDP)% 58.0-62.0 90.0 min
Active content (HEDP·H2O)% - 98.0 min
Phosphorous acid (as PO3% 1.0 max 0.8 max
Phosphoric acid (asPO4)% 0.6 max 0.5 max
Chloride (as Cl) ppm 100.0 max 50.0max
pH (1% solution) 2.0 max 2.0 max
Density (20℃)g/cm 1.43-1.47 -
Fe，mg/L 10.0 max 5.0 max
Colour APHA (Hazen) 30.0 max -
Acetic acid % 0.5 max
Ca sequestration (mg CaCO3/g) 500.0 min
14Usage:
HEDPis used as scale and corrosion inhibition in circulating cool water system, oil field and low-pressure boilers in fields such as electric power, chemical industry, metallurgy, fertilizer, etc.. In light woven industry,HEDPis used as detergent for metal and nonmetal. In dyeing industry,HEDPis used as peroxide stabilizer and dye-fixing agent; In non-cyanide electroplating,HEDPis used as chelating agent. The dosage of 1-10mg/L is preferred as scale inhibitor, 10-50mg/L as corrosion inhibitor, and 1000-2000mg/L as detergent. Usually,HEDPis used together with polycarboxylic acid.[1]
15Package and Storage:
HEDPliquid: 200L plastic drum,IBC(1000L),customers’ requirement.
HEDPsolid: 25kg/bag,customers’ requirement.
Storage for ten months in room shady and dry place.
16Safety Protection:
Acidity, Avoid contact with eye and skin, once contacted, flush with water.
17Synonyms:
HEDP;HEDP(A);ETIDRONIC ACID;1-Hydroxy Ethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid; Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonicacid(HEDP);1-HYDROXYETHYLIDENEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID;Hydroxyethylidene Diphosphonic acid(HEDP);1-hydroxy-1,1-Ethanediyl ester
Keywords:HEDP
Related Products:1-Hydroxy Ethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid(HEDP)
Monosodium of 1-Hydroxy Ethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid(HEDP·Na)
Potassium salt of 1-Hydroxy Ethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid(HEDP·Kx)
2-Hydroxyphosphonocarboxylic Acid (HPAA) Details
2-Hydroxyphosphonocarboxylic Acid (HPAA) Details
Chinese name: 2 – hydroxy phosphono acetic acid
Chinese alias: HPAA; hexyl phosphoric acid
Name :2-Hydroxyphosphonoacetic Acid
English Name: Hydroxyphosphono-acetic acid; HPA; N-HEXYLPHOSPHONIC ACID; LABOTEST-BB LT00408920; hpaa; n-Hexylphosphonicacid, min.97%; 2-Hydroxyphosphonocarboxylic Acid; 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid; 2-Hydroxy Phosphonic Acetic AcidStructure
CAS RN :4721-24-8
Molecular formula: C2H5O6P
Molecular Weight: 156.03
Physical and chemical properties:
Density of 1.37 (50% aq.)
Usage:
Widely used in iron and steel, petrochemical, power, pharmaceutical and other industries in the circulating cooling water system scale, corrosion, suitable for low hardness water in southern China; HPAA circulating cooling water system can be widely used in iron and steel, petrochemical, power, pharmaceutical and other industries scale, corrosion, usually paired with the zinc complex inhibitor, for low hardness water in southern China, and has a scale effect.
1-Hydroxy Ethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid (HEDP) Usage
HEDP Usage
【1-Hydroxy Ethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid (HEDP) Usage】 boilers and heat exchangers scale inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor, non-cyanide plating complexing agent , soap chelating agents, metal and non-metallic cleaning agent.
[ EPA ] used as boiler water , recycled water, oil field injection water treatment scale inhibitor. Chang and poly hydroxy acids DISPERSOR complex . But also for non-cyanide plating complexing agent , dyeing industry, fixing agent, hydrogen peroxide stabilizers.
[ ] This product uses three non-cyanide plating Ingredients . Formulated into a non-cyanide copper plating solution , sodium iron on direct copper plating layer with good strength . Coating smooth , good color . Usually the amount of 60% content of 100 ~ 120 ml / L. Copper sulfate in an amount of 15 ~ 20 g / L. Also, before plating the plating immersed in 1% to 2 % solution of this product , making plating into active form , and then plating can enhance the effect.
[ Four] uses the goods for the new chlorine-free plating complexing agent , using cooling water system is doing water stable master agent from corrosion and scale effect. The product is no more than one organic phosphonate water foliation agent, the domestic production of such products as well as some of his radical species, such as amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP): [CH2PO (OH) 2] 3N and B diamine tetra methylene phosphonic acid (EDTMP) and the like. Multiple organic acid developed in the late 1960s was , after 70 years of being recognized a class of water treatment agent, occurrence of such water treatment agent foliation technology took a big step forward . Compared with the machine polyphosphates, no more acid organic chemical stability medicine aunt , not hydrolysis , resist high temperature and a small dose of both mitigate erosion and fouling performance characteristics. Is a kind of cathodic corrosion inhibitor , is a class of non- chemical equivalent inhibitors. And when other water treatment chemicals, it shows good synergistic effects. For many metal ions such as calcium, magnesium, copper , zinc and the like can chelate with excellent services and even inorganic salts of these metals , such as CaSO4, CaCO3, MgSiO3 , etc. to have a good activation , thus widely used in water treatment technology. The product is of low toxicity , LD50 for mice subcutaneously 486.4mg/kg.
[Use ] for five commonly used inhibitor concentration 1 ~ 10mg / L, as a general inhibitor concentration 10 ~ 50mg / L; generally used as cleaning agent concentration 1000 ~ 2000mg / L; usually associated with polycarboxylate type scale with the use of dispersants
Amitraz use
1 Amitraz can be used for fruit, tea leaf mite mite control of apple, citrus red mite, citrus rust mites, fleas, mites EC 1000-1500 with 20% times spray.
2 tea tea mite prevention Prevention half Tarsonemidae with amitraz effective concentration 150-200mg/kg liquid spray.
3 mite prevention vegetables eggplant, beans spider, 1000-2000 times with 20% EC amitraz liquid spray. Watermelon, melon red spider, with 20% EC 2000-3000 times spray.
4 Cotton mite prevention control of cotton spider mite, 1000-2000 with 20% EC times spray. While the cotton bollworm, pink bollworm rid of a certain role.
5 ticks and mites and other livestock in vitro mite prevention of cattle, sheep and other livestock ticks and mites processing chemicals 50-1000mg/kg. Cattle scabies 250-500mg/kg body rubbed with liquid, rinse. Environment mite 4000-5000 with 20% EC times spray. Environmental mites with 20% EC 1000 times spray.