Barium carbonate, barium BaCO3 is an important compound of the formula BaCO3, molecular weight 197.35 .
Barium carbonate
Hexagonal crystal or fine white powder, orthorhombic , hexagonal , cubic three kinds of crystal. Due to the different conditions of preparation , the bulk density of the obtained products are different , generally 0.80 ~ 2.11g/cm3, the particle size of 0.1 ~ 10μm. Density 4.43 g / cm 3, melting point 1740 ℃ (8820 kPa -90 atm ) . Good thermal stability, at 1400 ℃, about 0.1MPa decomposition and emit carbon dioxide. Slightly soluble in water containing carbon dioxide , carbonic acid or an ammonium salt when in the presence of a concentrated solution of sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate , zinc sulfate, calcium nitrate , calcium chloride , potassium chloride or the like, to increase its solubility . Soluble chloride or ammonium nitrate solution to generate complex, dissolved in hydrochloric acid , nitric acid to release carbon dioxide. Toxic . Barium component prepared carburizing agent is used at a high temperature carburizing a steel member ( hardening ) . Manufacturing cathode tube used to do screening agent . Also used as rat poison , water clarifying agents and fillers. In addition, for the instrumentation, metallurgy industry, for the preparation of fireworks, flares system , ceramic coatings, optical glass materials such as enamel system . Natural barium carbonate ore , barite from the chemical processing system, or carbon dioxide pass into the barium hydroxide solution , sodium carbonate solution or mixed with barium nitrate solution was prepared .
Barium carbonate – the main purpose
Analysis of calcium, magnesium, manganese and zinc iron, measured organic halogen . Used for making barium salts , pigments , fireworks and flares , optical glass, rodenticides , pottery , porcelain, and used as filler and water clarifying agent.

Barium – Toxicity

Barium carbonate is a virulent , can cause acute and chronic poisoning. Because heavy metals barium , barium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid in gastric juice , the release of barium ions , causing toxic reactions.
Barium carbonate, barium poisoning poisoning
Barium carbonate into the body through the respiratory tract and digestive tract can cause acute and chronic poisoning , severe cases can be fatal. About the health hazards of barium more such as: occupational exposure to barium carbonate on human lungs, blood, serum potassium and cholinesterase and so on.

Barium – Chronic poisoning
Barium carbonate accumulates in the bones, causing bone marrow leukosis , which occurred in chronic poisoning.
Barium – acute poisoning
When severe acute poisoning occurs when acute gastrointestinal disease, muscle tendon reflexes , convulsions, muscle weakness and other symptoms.
Barium carbonate, barium carbonate Structure Structure

Toxicity:
Oral
Rat LD50: 418mg/kg
Mouse LD50: 200mg/kg
Barium – emergency treatment
For patients with acute barium poisoning , usually taken gastric lavage, enema, taking measures to make the barium emetic agents excreted .
By the administration of potassium can also react with the barium carbonate , barium can become toxic insoluble barium sulfate precipitation , reduce toxicity. The reason for using potassium sulfate , barium poisoning because may cause hypokalemia .

Barium – rescue and care
1 Clear poison vomiting, gastric lavage , catharsis to clear toxins, preventing the absorption of toxins is the primary rescue measures . In this group of patients , 35 cases after eating poison nausea , vomiting 25 cases , 10 cases of diarrhea, there are two cases of tongue to induce vomiting at home to take the pressure method , five cases with 5% sodium carbonate oral vomiting or gastric lavage , oral sulfate and then sodium 20g catharsis , and the remaining patients with mild symptoms , not gastric lavage or induce vomiting. Close observation of the patient’s consciousness , pale , breathing , pulse, blood pressure and other changes, while in the treatment of patients collected vomit timely submission to identify the poison .
2 As the barium ions potassium supplementation agents can activate the cell membrane, so that from the extracellular potassium ions into the cell and lead to lower serum potassium , and potassium in the pathogenesis of course there will be progressively decreased , so in order to prevent hypokalemia, timely potassium chloride treatment is very important . The group of 49 patients given potassium chloride and VitC, VitB 6 infusion, for the temperature more than 38 ℃, poisoning symptoms are relatively heavier ( 9 cases ) to be potassium chloride 5 ~ 6g / d intravenously treated 1 ~ 2d symptoms, body temperature returned to normal. 9 cases of patients had lower serum potassium four cases before the normal use of potassium chloride , potassium and in the process it produces reduced to varying degrees , by potassium 5 ~ 6g / d, 2d after the review properly. 40 cases with normal serum potassium be potassium 4 ~ 5g / d after the review of potassium were within the normal range.
3 Application role thiosulfate thiosulfate is absorbed with the body undigested insoluble barium carbonate , barium sulfate is generated , thereby reducing the toxicity of barium carbonate , sodium thiosulfate , but must pay attention to the slow intravenous injection or infusion, and fully diuretic , so insoluble barium sulfate particles generated composure in the renal tubules . There are nine cases in this group of critically ill patients to be 0.64g of sodium thiosulfate 20ml 0.9% sodium chloride intravenous , Q4H × 3 times.
4 As the group closely observed in 9 cases of hypokalemia , including four cases appear to reduce serum potassium in potassium process, and potassium chloride intravenous overdose can cause peripheral circulatory failure , heart rate to cardiac arrest , so must be diligent blood pressure , pulse , good monitoring and serum potassium, sodium , chlorine content review electrocardiogram , prevent arrhythmias induced hypokalemia or hyperkalemia . The group, 4 patients with abnormal ECG in potassium are converted to normal after the rest have not exception. For the four cases of pregnant patients , with particular attention to the amount of fluid can not be too much speed not too fast, but also to observe whether the pain intensified and the availability of contractions, see red. After treatment and observation , four cases of pregnant women is not bad to happen.
5 good psychological care in this group of patients suffer a sudden illness , mental activity is very complex , expressed as emotional stress , fear , anxiety, worry prognosis until after symptoms , fear has consequences, affecting work , live, learn, especially 4 pregnant women are more worried about the health and safety of the fetus, which we take the following measures:

Caring, comforting patients with cordial words , more with their talk, communicate ideas , distracted.

In calm , warm , full of attitude and emotional impact of infection , thereby enhancing their self-confidence .

Patients given patiently answered questions raised , and treatment measures , the effect , the prognosis for the necessary explanations to eliminate worries.

Noble ethics and skilled business technology to win the trust of patients, so that they are in the best state of mind, and actively cooperate with the treatment and examination.

Strengthening the fetal heart rate monitoring for pregnant patients , observed changes in fetal heart rate , with or without contractions , see red , once there is a change promptly notify the obstetrician , explained in therapy to do , pay attention to the total amount of drug safety and rehydration , speed.