Handling Precautions: closed operation, enhance ventilation. The operator must go through specialized training, strict adherence to rules. Proposed operators wear headgear electric powered air purifying respirators and dust, Polyethylene wear protective clothing, wear rubber gloves. Away from fire, heat, workplace smoking. Avoid generating dust. Avoid contact with a reducing agent, active metal powder, alkalis, alcohols. Handling of light when light unloading, packaging and containers to prevent damage. Prohibit vibration, shock and friction. Corresponding with the variety and quantity of fire equipment and emergency equipment leakage. Empty containers may be harmful residues.
Storage: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat. Storage temperature does not exceed 30 ℃, relative humidity less than 80%. Packing seal. Should be stored separately and reducing agents, reactive metal powders, bases, alcohols, etc., avoid mixing reservoir. Storage areas should be equipped with suitable material spill.
Occupational Exposure Limits
Chinese MAC (mg/m3): not established
The former Soviet Union MAC (mg/m3): not established
TLVTN: ACGIH 5mg [S2O8] / m3
TLVWN: not established
Monitoring Methods:
Engineering Controls
Closed production process to enhance ventilation. Provide safety shower and eyewash equipment.
Respiratory protection: its possible exposure to dust, they should wear headgear electric powered air-purifying respirators and dust. High concentrations of environment, it is recommended to wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
Eye protection: Respiratory Protection has been protective.
Physical protection: Polyethylene wear protective clothing.
Hand Protection: Wear rubber gloves.
Other protection: work site prohibit smoking, eating and drinking. After work, take a shower. Maintain good health habits.
Waste nature
Waste Disposal Method: In accordance with national and local regulations for disposal. Or contact the vendor or manufacturer to determine the disposal method.
Waste Note:
Packing method
Two-story brown paper bags or plastic bags full opening or openings in the outer steel drum; bags or kraft paper bag outside the ordinary wooden floor; threaded glass Lid pressure bottles, plastic bottles or metal (cans) outside the ordinary wooden box.
Transportation Precautions
Dangerous Goods Code: 51504
UN Number: 1505
Packing mark:
Package Type: O53
Railway transport should be strictly in accordance with the Ministry of Railways’ Dangerous Goods Code “in the dangerous goods equipped with tables equipped. When transporting shipped separately, during transport to ensure that the container does not leak, did not fall, do not fall, no damage. Transport vehicles should be equipped with the appropriate variety and quantity of fire equipment during transport. Is strictly prohibited and acids, flammable, organic matter, reducing agents, spontaneous combustion, and other flammable when wet and mixed transport vehicles. Transport speed not too fast, not forced to overtake. After unloading transport vehicles should be thoroughly cleaned, washed, mixed with non-organic compounds, flammable and other impurities.
Category Archives: Inorganic chemicals
Sodium Metabisulphite role
Use one
Used as a bleaching agent, mordant, reductant, rubber coagulant, also used in organic synthesis, pharmaceutical and spices.
Uses two
Chromatography analysis reagents, preservatives and reducing agents, dyes and pharmaceutical industries for
Uses three
Shakespeare sulfate sodium metabisulfite more intense reduction, similar to the role and sodium sulfite. China provides for preserves, biscuits, sugar, sugar, caramel, candy, glucose, liquid glucose, bamboo shoots, mushrooms and canned mushrooms, maximum use of 0.45g/kg. Candied fruit, bamboo shoots, mushrooms and canned mushrooms, residue and blackcurrant juice grapes (in SO2 dollars) less than 0.05g/kg; residues of biscuits, sugar, noodles and other varieties of less than 0.1g/kg; liquid glucose residues amount of not more than 0.2g/kg.
Uses four
Four food industry as a bleaching agent, preservative, osteoporosis agents, anti-oxidants, color agents and preservatives.
Use five
Pharmaceutical industry for the production of chloroform, benzene and formaldehyde solasulfone. Rubber industry as a coagulant. Bleached cotton dyeing industry as dechlorination agent, cotton scouring additives. Treatment for leather tanning industry, make the leather soft, plump, tough, waterproof, bending, wear-resistant properties. Chemical industry for the production of hydroxy vanillin, hydroxylamine hydrochloride. Photographic industry as a developer and so on.
Uses six
Analysis. Preservative. Reductant. Antioxidants
Sodium bisulfate (Sodium bisulphate) Chemical Properties
A salt properties: acid salt of a strong acid
2 pH: acidic aqueous solution. Strong electrolyte, fully ionized, generating strong acid solution: NaHSO4 = Na + + H + + SO42-
Note: not fully ionized hydrogen sulfate, is in strong acid. (High school textbooks as the fully ionized hydrogen sulfate)
It can be reacted with a base. NaHSO4 + NaOH == Na2SO4 + H2O
3 metathesis reactions can occur with weak acid: NaHSO4 + NaHSO3 == Na2SO4 + SO2 ↑ + H2O
NaHSO4 + NaHCO3 == Na2SO4 + CO2 ↑ + H2O
Ionic equation: H + + SO42-+ HSO3-== SO2 ↑ + H2O + SO42-
H + + SO42-+ HCO3-== CO2 ↑ + H2O + SO42-
4, and BaCl2, Ba (OH) 2 reaction: NaHSO4 + BaCl2 == NaCl + HCl + BaSO4 ↓
NaHSO4 + Ba (OH) 2 == NaOH + H2O + BaSO4 ↓
Involving ionic equation: SO42-+ Ba2 + == BaSO4 ↓
H + + SO42-+ Ba2 + + OH-== BaSO4 ↓ + H2O
If the Ba (OH) 2 small, then the equation is expressed as: 2H + + SO4 2 – + Ba2 + +2 OH-== BaSO4 ↓ +2 H2O
Selenium dioxide Use
Selenium dioxide is mainly used in the electrolytic manganese industry, every ton of electrolytic manganese about 1 kg of selenium dioxide (each process is slightly different), industry accounts for about 80% of manganese dioxide selenium dosage. Second, for the production of sodium selenite on the feed industry, now in the agro-industrial raw materials as a foliar fertilizer selenium selenium crops. Others can also be used: analysis, precipitated zirconium, hafnium. Verification alkaloids. Oxidants. Manufacture of other high purity selenium and selenium compounds. Catalyst.
1, high purity selenium and selenium compounds for the other system, or oxidant and catalyst of organic synthetic drugs
2, is used as the base of a special reagent plants, but also for the precipitation of zirconium, hafnium and preparation of selenium compounds
3, the organic compound used as the oxidizing agent, catalyst, chemical reagent, a compound material made of various inorganic selenium. Also copiers, rectifiers used.
4, manufacture of other selenium compounds, alkaloids test, an oxidizing agent. With ammonia reaction of nitrogen and selenium in alcohol solution generated selenite ethyl ammonium [NH ₄ (C ₂ H5) SeO ₃], with hydrazine generates nitrogen and black amorphous selenium, generated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride nitrogen and red-brown amorphous selenium, generate selenite and nitric acid.
Potassium Persulphate protective measures
Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse with plenty of water.
Eye contact: Did eyelid, mobile water or saline. Doctor.
Inhalation: rapidly from the scene to fresh air. Keep the airway patency. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If not breathing, give artificial respiration immediately. Doctor.
Ingestion: drink plenty of water, induce vomiting. Doctor.
Fire-fighting measures
Hazardous characteristics: inorganic oxidizer. With organic matter, reducing agents, combustibles such as combustion caused a risk of explosion in contact or mixed sulfur, phosphorus and other. The rapid heating when the explosion occurred.
Hazardous combustion products: sulfur dioxide, oxygen.
Fire fighting methods: the use of water mist, foam, sand fire.
Leak: isolation leakage polluted area, restricting access. Recommended emergency personnel wearing self-contained breathing apparatus, wearing overalls general operations. Do not direct contact with leakage. Rendering leakage contact with reducing agents, organic compounds, flammable.
Small leak: Sprinkle on the ground soda ash, collected in a dry, clean, covered container. Also be plenty of water, wash water diluted into the wastewater system.
A large leak: recycling or collection shipped to the waste disposal sites.
Flammability: Noncombustible
Extinguishing Media: Water spray, foam, sand.
Emergency treatment
Inhalation: rapidly from the scene to fresh air. Keep the airway patency. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If not breathing, give artificial respiration immediately. Doctor.
Ingestion: drink plenty of water, induce vomiting. Doctor.
Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse with plenty of water.
Eye contact: Did eyelid, mobile water or saline. Doctor.
Accidental Release
Emergency treatment: isolation leak contaminated areas, restricting access. Recommended emergency personnel wearing a dust mask (full cover), wear protective clothing. Do not direct contact with leakage. Rendering leakage in contact with organic matter, reducing agents, flammable. A small leak: Sprinkle on the ground soda ash, collected in a dry, clean, covered containers. You can also rinse with plenty of water, wash water diluted into the wastewater system. Large Leak: recycling or collection shipped to the waste disposal sites.
Exposure controls
Occupational Exposure Limits
Chinese MAC (mg/m3): not established
The former Soviet Union MAC (mg/m3): not established
TLVTN: ACGIH 5mg [S2O4] / m3
TLVWN: not established
Monitoring Methods:
Engineering controls: closed production process to enhance ventilation. Provide safety shower and eyewash equipment.
Respiratory protection: its possible exposure to dust, they should wear headgear electric powered air-purifying respirators and dust. High concentrations of environment, it is recommended to wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
Eye protection: Respiratory Protection has been protective.
Physical protection: Polyethylene wear protective clothing.
Hand Protection: Wear rubber gloves.
Other protection: work site prohibit smoking, eating and drinking. After work, take a shower. Maintain good health habits.
Potassium monopersulfate Typical applications
Application Instructions industry
Pharmaceutical / chemical synthesis is the preparation of a ketone peroxide (Dioxirasnes) catalysts such as basic materials DMD, TFD, the ketone peroxide for its mild reaction conditions, high oxidation activity, selectivity and excellent response and natural asymmetry opened The new route of drug synthesis. Asymmetric design of the olefin reaction catalyst in situ oxidation of chiral amines can be chiral imine salt polymerization initiator, vinyl acetate, ethyl acrylate, and the polymerization reaction of acrylonitrile; polymerization of a vinyl monomer; adhesive, reconcile agent
Printed circuit boards PCB / copper metal surface treatment surface cleaners, micro etchant, blackened aid
Sterilization / disinfection of animal breeding animal environment, aquaculture water can kill bacteria and viruses almost all of zoonotic diseases, for foot and mouth disease, avian influenza, SARS and other excellent role in the killing
Pool / SPA pool water disinfection and water shock treatment (SHOCKS), quickly remove urea and other organic matter, water purification, improve ORP
Wool apparel industry quality wool shrink agent
Oil, petrochemical, metal plating companies wastewater treatment, waste gas treatment flocculant, cleaning agents, oil, petrochemical, building materials and industrial wastewater treatment containing polymers, sulfur recovery, reservoir fracturing additives
Cosmetics, chemicals bleaching formulations, denture cleaners, toilet bowl cleaners, hair dyes
Deinking pulp bleaching and paper industry, oxidized starch manufacturing
phosphoric acid applications
Agriculture: phosphoric acid is an important fertilizer (superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc.) of raw materials, but also the raw material feed nutrients (calcium dihydrogen phosphate) is.
Industrial: Phosphoric acid is an important chemical raw material, the main role is as follows:
Treating the metal surface, the metal film formed on the surface of insoluble phosphate to protect the metal from corrosion.
A mixture of nitric acid and chemical polishing agent to improve the surface finish of the metal.
Production of detergents, pesticides, raw phosphate.
Production of phosphorus-containing flame retardant materials.
Food: Phosphoric acid is one of food additives in food as sour agents, yeast nutrients, in respect of Coca-Cola contains phosphoric acid. Phosphate is also important food additives, enhancers can be used as nutrients.
Medicine: phosphate phosphorus can be used for making drugs, such as glycerol phosphate.
cobalt sulphate role and purpose
Coatings industry as paint driers. Ceramic industry as a color glaze porcelain. The chemical industry for the manufacture of pigments and cobalt as a raw material for the production of various cobalt salts. Alkaline batteries and battery industry as lithopone additives. In addition, as the catalyst reagents and analysis. [5]
Used in electroplating cobalt, system batteries, cobalt pigments, ceramics, enamel, glazed and used as a catalyst, a foam stabilizer, driers, etc.
Cobalt oxide applications
Cobalt oxide is an important transition metal oxide. Usually as a production of carbide, superalloys, insulation materials and magnetic materials as well as the main raw material in the chemical industry catalysts and dyes. The main application areas of cobalt oxide product is currently as follows:
A paint additive
Cobalt oxide is added in the manufacture of various paints, paint production improved performance, particularly the role played driers in the paint, fast drying paint that is easy to use in order to improve the application rate. This is a great benefit for rapid construction paint.
2, enamel and ceramic pigments
After adding cobalt oxide ceramic material, resistant to corrosion and improve durability. In a variety of building materials and household ceramics, made with blue cobalt oxide pigment or glaze applied to ceramic products by firing after showing a bright ceramic products, more artistic.
3, refined petroleum catalysts
Cobalt products as a catalyst in petroleum refining has a long history and plays an important role in promoting the development of oil refining. If aluminum metal cobalt, iron alloyed catalyst; oil and cobalt oxide as a catalyst is very important role in accelerating the petroleum refining is indispensable. Therefore, the use of cobalt oxide catalyst leapt in recent years an important position.
4, the battery industry
Since the eighties, cobalt powder as a high-energy battery charge and discharge activator, a large number of used rechargeable batteries in the field. Early nineties, Japan, Germany and other countries of Asia scientists successfully added cobalt raw materials to the battery, the battery industry to become high-value research and development, high-tech products. Cobalt powder and cobalt powder, cobalt oxide compounds Asia as a battery material with excellent performance additives to improve Ni (OH) 2 proton conductivity, lower oxidation potential, improve oxygen evolution potential, to improve electrode performance has a significant effect. Can guarantee the charging electrodes are sufficiently pre-charged, so that Ni (OH) 2 converted to full NiOOH, while oxygen-containing precipitate to improve the charging efficiency increase ratio of the electrode capacity. In recent years, with the development of lithium-ion batteries, lithium cobalt oxide as the starting material for preparing ion battery electrode materials, but also to increasing consumption. Our lithium cobalt oxide production in recent years, rapid development, and thus the demand for Co304 correspondingly increased rapidly. Co304 battery grade lithium ion battery cathode material of lithium cobalt oxide main raw material, but also with the lithium ion secondary battery demand increases. In 2002 the total global consumption of cobalt 88 million pounds, the share of drilling applications in the battery industry increased rapidly to reach 32%. With the further growth of small discrete mobile power needs, such as the rapid development of mobile communication and the rapid growth of laptop penetration for the development of lithium-ion battery industry has created better opportunities, correspondingly, the lithium-ion battery demand for cathode materials LiCo02 also increased significantly. 2015 Cobalt applications will reach 230 million pounds, of which 56% will be applied in the lithium battery industry.
5, other raw materials
As with hydrogen peroxide at a temperature reduction of metal cobalt powder and cobalt production, for the manufacture of cemented carbide; dissolved with an acid to an aqueous solution of cobalt, cobalt ingot for electrolysis, a high-temperature high-strength alloy additives; cobalt oxide will be formed acidic cobalt solution, after various chemical processing to produce a cobalt salt, such as CoC2, CoS04, CoCo3 and CoC204 like. Thus, the pure cobalt oxide as an intermediate raw material, widely used. In addition, cobalt oxide phosphors used in the electrical industry as additives and other chemical aspects of the rapidly evolving. Overall, applications of cobalt oxide will continue to develop expanded.
Used: varistors, thermistors, MOA, Picture Tubes, lithium-ion battery industry. Used in making paint pigments, ceramic glazes and cobalt catalysts.
Caustic soda (Sodium hydroxide) main purpose
Highly versatile. Although the solution for the system Qi, pulp making, soap, dyes, artificial silk, aluminum, petroleum refining, cotton finishing, purified coal tar products, and food processing, wood processing and machinery industry and so on.
Chemistry experiment
In addition to the reagents used outside, because it has a strong absorbent and deliquescent, but also used as an alkaline desiccant. [3] can also be absorbed acid gases (such as oxygen in the combustion of sulfur in the experiment, sodium hydroxide solution to the absorption of toxic sulfur dioxide into the bottle.)
Industrial
Sodium hydroxide is widely applied in the national economy, many industrial sectors require sodium hydroxide. Sodium hydroxide is the most used chemical manufacturing sector, followed by paper, aluminum smelting, refining tungsten, rayon, rayon and soap manufacturing. Further, in the production of dyes, plastics, pharmaceutical and organic intermediates, reproducing the old rubber, metal sodium, water and inorganic salt electrolysis production, preparation of borax, chromium, manganese, phosphate, etc., but also the use of a lot of soda.
Chemical Industry
Determines the characteristics of the product of sodium hydroxide in a number of chemical reactions are important and indispensable substances. Sodium hydroxide is the production of polycarbonate, a super absorbent polymer, zeolite, epoxy, sodium sulfite and a lot of important raw materials sodium.
Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acids by hydrolysis of oil; soft, saturated fatty acids are stearic acid, the hydrolysis of fats.
If potassium hydroxide hydrolysis of the resulting soap is soft.
Sodium chloride was added to the solution may reduce the solubility of the fatty acid salt and separating the fatty acid salts, a process called salting. Salts of higher fatty acid soap is the main component, the process can be obtained by the filler bar soaps.
Saponification
The main components of fats and vegetable oils are triglycerides, alkaline solution of its equations are:
R groups may be different, but the resulting R-COONa can make soap. R-common are:
C17H33-: 8 – heptadecenyl. R-COOH is oleic acid.
C15H31-: n-pentadecyl. Palmitic acid R-COOH.
C17H35-: n-heptadecyl. R-COOH is stearic acid.